Monday, January 12, 2015

Why can't Atlanta police find attempted murderer with video showing him?

If the victim had been a straight police man, would the police have such a hard time finding the attempted murderer?

I heard a story on the radio a few minutes ago (Jan. 12, 2015), and they said the police have finally decided to release the video of the criminal to the public.

http://www.lgbtqnation.com/2015/01/victim-in-unsolved-anti-gay-hate-crime-is-head-of-georgia-political-organization/

PATRICK SAUNDERS
Jan. 2, 2014

One of two victims of a violent anti-gay hate crime that occurred in Midtown Atlanta in March 2014 has come forward, and is speaking out because police have made no arrests in the case.

Bryan Long, who had previously requested anonymity, is the executive director of the progressive political advocacy organization Better Georgia, and can be seen getting in-between his partner and one of two suspects in video footage of the incident.

Long says he and his partner, who prefers to remain anonymous, were holding hands at and Atlanta intersection on the evening of March 7, 2014, when an unknown suspect jumped out of a car, yelled homophobic slurs at them and then punched his partner in the back of the head, pushing him into the street and into oncoming traffic.

Atlanta police tell the GA Voice they identified the driver, thanks to cell phone video the victims took after the incident, but that he claims not to know the suspect who was riding in his car. That claim has drawn widespread skepticism from the community.

“The suspect has not been identified at this time,” Atlanta police spokeswoman Elizabeth Espy has said. “We do not know with certainty that the parties knew each other or had just met.”

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Friday, January 09, 2015

Ohio's diversion program helps juvenile offenders with behavioral health issues

http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2015-01/cwru-odp010715.php

Public Release: 7-Jan-2015
Case Western Reserve University

An evaluation of Ohio's Behavioral Health/Juvenile Justice (BHJJ) initiative in 11 counties by social work researchers at Case Western Reserve University found the program benefits most young offenders diverted from detention centers to community-based agencies to treat mental health issues, drug problems or both.

BHJJ is a program started 15 years ago at the request of Ohio juvenile court judges with help from the Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services and the Ohio Department of Youth Services.

The program serves offenders 10 to18 years old with mental health issues and substantial behavioral, cognitive and emotional problems. Many also have abused drugs and alcohol, have a history of violent or criminal behavior and have had encounters with various county agencies before appearing in juvenile court.

Researchers at the Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences' Begun Center for Violence Prevention Research and Education analyzed information from caregivers, social workers and 2,545 young offenders who enrolled in the program between 2006 and 2013. Most showed improvements in functioning and decreases in future delinquency and symptoms related to trauma.

Based on the results from diagnostic assessments performed at community behavioral health agencies, nearly 60 percent suffered from a mental health disorder, while 38 percent were diagnosed with both a mental health and substance abuse disorder.

For many, the encounter with the juvenile justice system was the first time they were screened for behavioral health problems, said Jeff M. Kretschmar, PhD, research assistant professor from the Begun Center.

•••••

Their conclusion: Juvenile offenders can benefit from diversion programs through community agencies with services for mental health problems and substance abuse that they may not have received in a detention center.

•••••

Roughly two-thirds (67 percent) of the youth who had finished the program did so successfully. The next most common reason for terminating the program was due to some form of out-of-home placement (8 percent).

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Thursday, January 08, 2015

Slow posting

I'll probably be posting less for a few days because I'm studying so I can be a Tax-Aide volunteer again this year.

It's very gratifying to be able to help people.

U.S. was hotter than average in 2014 for 18th straight year

http://www.cbsnews.com/news/u-s-was-hotter-than-average-in-2014-for-18th-straight-year/

ByAmanda Schupak January 8, 2015

Though the country fell short of setting a temperature record for the year, 2014's weather proved to be tumultuous -- and costly, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration said in its annual climate report, released Thursday.

Though it sounds like a distant memory with much of the country in a deep freeze right now, every state in the contiguous 48 saw above-average temperatures in December, making it the second warmest December on record.

•••••

Many scientists were predicting that 2014, which set five monthly heat records, would end up the warmest year on record. It didn't. But it was above the 20th century temperature average, for the 18th year in a row.
[not the hottest for the U.S., but it was the hottest globally]

•••••

Major study sends clear safety message to prevent brain injury in children

http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2015-01/wsu--mss010715.php

Public Release: 7-Jan-2015
Wayne State University - Office of the Vice President for Research

Jan. 7, 2015 - An exhaustive analysis of data from more than 40,000 cases of brain trauma in children - published by the authoritative New England Journal of Medicine - provides convincing evidence that protecting children in advance from head injuries is the key to reducing their severity.

The new findings, obtained during one of the largest multi-center prospective studies of its kind ever conducted in the United States, show that the most common cause of brain injury among children younger than 12 is falling - typically from a moving bicycle, scooter or other wheeled device. Among U.S. adolescents, the three major causes of brain trauma are automobile accidents, assaults and sports-related injuries.

•••••

The bottom line on this prospective study of more than 43,000 pediatric brain injuries is that it identifies falls - often from bicycles - as the major cause of trauma in children under age 12. Knowing that, we're now better able to help educate parents and policymakers alike about the great value of safety helmets for this population of kids."

Dr. Mahajan said the data on adolescent brain trauma similarly underlines the vital importance of providing sports safety equipment and automobile seatbelts for teenagers.

•••••

Dr. Mahajan said his 18 years in pediatric emergency rooms have shown him the importance of prevention, and sometimes in very dramatic fashion. "As a specialist in emergency medicine, I've seen how important such preventive measures as bike safety helmets and automobile seatbelts truly are."

"On several occasions," he added, "I've treated injured children who had been protected by safety equipment and also injured children who have not been protected, during the same eight-hour shift in the emergency room. In most cases, the children who had benefited from wearing the helmets or seatbelts sustained less severe injuries.

•••••

Why such a pervasive incidence simplistic thinking?


I have long suspected that our education system, with it's emphasis of getting the one, right answer contributes to the tendency of people to think simplistically, to stop thinking about things at the first thought they think of or are presented with, and not think more deeply, about other possibilities and contributing factors. It occurred to me a few minutes ago that the use of timed tests probably contributes to this.

Another factor would be the fact that sociologists who study different cultures found that the U.S. is one of, if not the most, highly competitive cultures, in the sense of feeling you have to be the single winner, or you are a loser. So if you acknowledge that something you have learned or believed is not totally true, you feel as if it makes you a failure.

Misfit or Miss Goody Two Shoes? Adolescent misperceptions abound

http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2015-01/uonc-mom010715.php

Public Release: 7-Jan-2015

Researchers at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and Stanford find teens are influenced by 'caricatures' of their peers' sexual and drug-use behaviors.

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

•••••

Jan. 7, 2015) - It's true: teens are misunderstood. But apparently, teens themselves have dramatic misperceptions about what their peers are doing when it comes to sex, drugs and studying, possibly prompting them to conform to social norms that don't exist.

That's according to new research that shows adolescents overestimate the amount of drug- and alcohol-use and sexual behaviors that many of their peers are engaging in. At the same time, they underestimate the amount of time their peers spend on studying or exercise.

"The behavior of all types of kids are grossly misunderstood or misperceived by adolescents, not just the jocks and the populars but also the brains and the burnouts," said senior investigator Mitch Prinstein, John Van Seters Distinguished Professor of Psychology at UNC-Chapel Hill, where the study was based and spearheaded by Sarah Helms, a postdoctoral fellow in the lab at the time. Researchers at Stanford and Tillburg University also co-authored the study.

"Adolescents tend to conform to stereotypes that we have seen in the Breakfast Club, but those stereotypes do not exist as dramatically as we once thought," he said.

•••••

Since teens are sensitive to the judgment of their peers and often try to emulate the "cool kids," researchers are working to better understand the role that peers play during this impressionable period. This particular study shed light on the extent of adolescent misperceptions as well as its implications.

"This quest for identity can sometimes lead adolescents in the wrong direction," said Geoffery Cohen, a co-author and professor at Stanford Graduate School of Education.

•••••

"Adolescents conform not to what others do, but what they think others do. The lesson of this research is that adolescents are wrong - most kids aren't as risky as they may think," Prinstein said.

•••••

Muslims and Latinos much more prominent in TV crime news than in real-life crime

http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2015-01/ica-mal010715.php

Public Release: 7-Jan-2015

The study sampled 146 episodes of prominent news programs on ABC, CBS, NBC, PBS, CNN, Fox News, MSNBC and Univision

International Communication Association

If it seems as if most terrorists are Muslims and almost all immigrant lawbreakers are Latinos, it may be because you're watching national TV news - not because those things are true.

That's one implication of a study of five years of network and cable crime news led by University of Illinois communication professor Travis Dixon.

The study, recently published online by the Journal of Communication, sampled 146 episodes of prominent news programs focused on breaking news (rather than commentary) that aired on ABC, CBS, NBC, PBS, CNN, Fox News, MSNBC and Univision over the calendar years 2008-12.

Dixon found that among those described as domestic terrorists on those programs, 81 percent were identifiable as Muslims. Yet in FBI reports for the same period, only 6 percent of domestic terrorist suspects were Muslim, or about one in 17. (In fact, terrorism on American soil is far more likely to be committed by white supremacists, Dixon said.)

•••••

Dixon found no significant difference on these results between the crime stories aired on network news programs versus those on cable. The sample size of 146 episodes, 90 of which contained crime stories, was not large enough to make valid comparisons between specific programs, he said.

•••••

The episodes included in the sample were from "ABC World News Tonight"; "CBS Evening News"; "NBC Nightly News"; "PBS NewsHour"; "Anderson Cooper/Anderson Cooper 360," "CNN Newsroom Live," and "The Situation Room" on CNN; "Fox News Live" and "On the Record with Greta Van Susteren" on Fox News; "MSNBC Live"; and "Univision Ultimate Hora" and "Noticero Univision" on Univision.

•••••

In contrast with the overrepresentation of Muslims and Latinos in network and cable crime stories, Dixon found that African-Americans were significantly underrepresented in those stories, as both perpetrators and victims of violent crime.

•••••

These results are in line, however, with studies showing that African-Americans are almost invisible in other ways on national television news - rarely seen as spokesmen, experts or in other roles, Dixon said. "This says that those findings in other areas apply to crime news as well, and that was kind of surprising to us."

One possible explanation, Dixon said, is that the perceived internal threat from crime has declined as a national issue since the 1990s, partly as a result of both declining crime rates and a greater perceived external threat, post-9/11, from terrorism and immigration.

That explanation and the results also fit with a "guard dog" perspective of news coverage, Dixon said. According to this perspective, the media often behave like a sentry for society's power structure. Those with the least power receive the most bias in coverage, and news stories get greater attention if they identify something as an intruder or threat, he said.

•••••

Study finds partisanship most fierce among highly educated Americans


http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2015-01/uok-sfp010715.php

Public Release: 7-Jan-2015
University of Kansas

While an educated public is undoubtedly a crucial element to a democratic society, a new study by two University of Kansas professors has found that partisanship appears to be highest among the most educated Americans.

"Though the facts may point in the opposite direction, highly educated partisans are fully capable of ignoring 'uncomfortable' facts and indeed often motivated to protect their political beliefs," said Mark Joslyn, a KU associate professor of political science, who authored the study with Don Haider-Markel, a professor and chair of the KU Department Political Science.

•••••

"Our findings do show that education, alone, increases the likelihood of construing the facts correctly," Joslyn said. "But when combined with partisanship, a common understanding of the facts diverge sharply. To the extent that a democratic system depends on an educated public able to discern facts from political fiction, our results should draw some concern. If the most educated portion of the public cannot agree on the facts, it would appear naïve to expect consensus in our representative institutions."

The study found, for example, that Republicans with high levels of education tended to support statements that were largely untrue but provided credence to the Bush administration's justification for the 2003 Iraq war, including that Iraq had ties to al-Qaida or that the U.S. found dictator Saddam Hussein's regime in possession of weapons of mass destruction. Well-educated Democrats disagreed with those sets of facts.

Joslyn said the key finding was that well-educated respondents disagreed more so along partisan lines than less-educated respondents in the survey. The study is not meant to criticize one political party over another, the researchers said, as they also found that well-educated Democrats supported incorrect facts about the effect of the 2007 troop surge, while Republicans correctly believed the surge once in place had decreased the rate of U.S. military casualties.

Joslyn said education does provide people with cognitive development that aids them in serving as democratic citizens. They are able to more easily access information, process it and evaluate the alternatives.

"Less understood, but no less important, is that education provides the cognitive tools to resist information inconsistent with held beliefs," Joslyn said. "Educated people possess greater cognitive resources and tools to counter facts incongruent with their dispositions and indeed exercise biases that reinforce convictions."

•••••

An avocado a day keeps the cardiologist away

Of course, you would need to decrease your calorie intact elsewhere.

When I eat avocado, I cut it in two, remove the seed, and scoop out the insides with a spoon and eat it. Put the other half with the cut side down in a dish and put it in the refrigerator for the next day.

http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2015-01/ps-aaa010715.php

Public Release: 7-Jan-2015
Penn State

Adding an avocado to your daily diet may help lower bad cholesterol, in turn reducing risk for heart disease, according to health researchers.

Avocados are known to be a nutrient-dense food, high in monounsaturated fatty acids. Previous studies have suggested that avocados are a cholesterol-lowering food, but this is the first study -- to the researchers' knowledge -- to look at health implications of avocados beyond monounsaturated fatty acids.

•••••

Kris-Etherton and colleagues tested three different diets, all designed to lower cholesterol: a lower-fat diet, consisting of 24 percent fat, and two moderate fat diets, with 34 percent fat. The moderate fat diets were nearly identical, however one diet incorporated one Hass avocado every day while the other used a comparable amount of high oleic acid oils -- such as olive oil -- to match the fatty acid content of one avocado. Hass avocados are the smaller, darker variety with bumpy green skin and have a higher nutrient content than Florida avocados, which are larger, and have smoother skin and a higher water content.

•••••

She pointed out that much of the U.S. population doesn't know how to use or prepare avocados, with the exception of guacamole. However, guacamole is usually eaten with corn chips, which are high in both sodium and calories.

"People should start thinking about eating avocados in new ways," said Kris-Etherton. "I think using it as a condiment is a great way to incorporate avocados into meals -- for instance, putting a slice or two on a sandwich or using chopped avocado in a salad or to season vegetables."

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Anti-Intellectualism and the "Dumbing Down" of America

I suggest reading the whole article at the following link. I would think that most people who follow this blog are not anti-intellectual.

http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/wired-success/201407/anti-intellectualism-and-the-dumbing-down-america

Published on July 7, 2014 by Ray Williams

There is a growing and disturbing trend of anti-intellectual elitism in American culture. It’s the dismissal of science, the arts, and humanities and their replacement by entertainment, self-righteousness, ignorance, and deliberate gullibility.

Susan Jacoby, author of The Age of American Unreason, says in an article in the Washington Post, "Dumbness, to paraphrase the late senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan, has been steadily defined downward for several decades, by a combination of heretofore irresistible forces. These include the triumph of video culture over print culture; a disjunction between Americans' rising level of formal education and their shaky grasp of basic geography, science and history; and the fusion of anti-rationalism with anti-intellectualism."

There has been a long tradition of anti-intellectualism in America, unlike most other Western countries. Richard Hofstadter, who won a Pulitzer Prize in 1964 for his book, Anti-Intellectualism In American Life, describes how the vast underlying foundations of anti-elite, anti-reason and anti-science has been infused into America’s political and social fabric. Famous science fiction writer Isaac Asimov once said: "There is a cult of ignorance in the United States, and there has always been. The strain of anti-intellectualism has been a constant thread winding its way through our political and cultural life, nurtured by the false notion that democracy means that my ignorance is just as good as your knowledge."

•••••

Part of the reason for the rising anti-intellectualism can be found in the declining state of education in the U.S. compared to other advanced countries:

•••••

After leading the world for decades in 25-34 year olds with university degrees, the U.S. is now in 12th place. The World Economic Forum ranked the U.S. at 52nd among 139 nations in the quality of its university math and science instruction in 2010. Nearly 50% of all graduate students in the sciences in the U.S. are foreigners, most of whom will be returning to their home countries;

The Oklahoma Council of Public Affairs commissioned a civic education poll among public school students. A surprising 77% didn't know that George Washington was the first President; couldn't name Thomas Jefferson as the author of the Declaration of Independence; and only 2.8% of the students actually passed the citizenship test. Along similar lines, the Goldwater Institute of Phoenix did the same survey and only 3.5% of students passed the civics test;

According to the National Research Council report, only 28% of high school science teachers consistently follow the National Research Council guidelines on teaching evolution, and 13% of those teachers explicitly advocate creationism or "intelligent design;"

18% of Americans still believe that the sun revolves around the earth, according to a Gallup poll;

The American Association of State Colleges and Universities report on education shows that the U.S. ranks second among all nations in the proportion of the population aged 35-64 with a college degree, but 19th in the percentage of those aged 25-34 with an associate or high school diploma, which means that for the first time, the educational attainment of young people will be lower than their parents;

74% of Republicans in the U.S. Senate and 53% in the House of Representatives deny the validity of climate change despite the findings of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences and every other significant scientific organization in the world;

According to the 2009 National Assessment of Educational Progress, 68% of public school children in the U.S. do not read proficiently by the time they finish third grade. And the U.S. News & World reported that barely 50% of students are ready for college level reading when they graduate;

According to a 2006 survey by National Geographic-Roper, nearly half of Americans between ages 18 and 24 do not think it necessary to know the location of other countries in which important news is being made. More than a third consider it "not at all important" to know a foreign language, and only 14 percent consider it "very important;"

According to the National Endowment for the Arts report in 1982, 82% of college graduates read novels or poems for pleasure; two decades later only 67% did. And more than 40% of Americans under 44 did not read a single book--fiction or nonfiction--over the course of a year. The proportion of 17 year olds who read nothing (unless required by school ) has doubled between 1984-2004;

Gallup released a poll showing 42 percent of Americans still believe God created human beings in their present form less than 10,000 years ago;

A 2008 University of Texas study found that 25 percent of public school biology teachers believe that humans and dinosaurs inhabited the earth simultaneously.

•••••

In American schools, the culture exalts the athlete and good-looking cheerleader. Well-educated and intellectual students are commonly referred to in public schools and the media as "nerds," "dweebs," "dorks," and "geeks," and are relentlessly harassed and even assaulted by the more popular "jocks" for openly displaying any intellect. These anti-intellectual attitudes are not reflected in students in most European or Asian countries, whose educational levels have now equaled and and will surpass that of the U.S. And most TV shows or movies such as The Big Bang Theory depict intellectuals as being geeks if not effeminate.

John W. Traphagan ,Professor of Religious Studies at the University of Texas, argues the problem is that Asian countries have core cultural values that are more akin to a cult of intelligence and education than a cult of ignorance and anti-intellectualism. In Japan, for example, teachers are held in high esteem and normally viewed as among the most important members of a community. There is suspicion and even disdain for the work of teachers that occurs in the U.S.

•••••

We’re creating a world of dummies. Angry dummies who feel they have the right, the authority and the need not only to comment on everything, but to make sure their voice is heard above the rest, and to drag down any opposing views through personal attacks, loud repetition and confrontation.

•••••

Keller also notes that the herd mentality takes over online; the anti-intellectuals become the metaphorical equivalent of an angry lynch mob when anyone either challenges one of the mob beliefs or posts anything outside the mob’s self-limiting set of values.

•••••

People accept without questioning, believe without weighing the choices, join the pack because in a culture where convenience rules, real individualism is too hard work. Thinking takes too much time: it gets in the way of the immediacy of the online experience.

•••••

Breathing in diesel exhaust leads to changes in gene expression

http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2015-01/uobc-bid010715.php

Public Release: 7-Jan-2015
University of British Columbia

Just two hours of exposure to diesel exhaust fumes can lead to fundamental health-related changes in biology by switching some genes on, while switching others off, according to researchers at the University of British Columbia and Vancouver Coastal Health.

•••••

The researchers examined how such exposure affected the chemical "coating" that attaches to many parts of a person's DNA. That carbon-hydrogen coating, called methylation, can silence or dampen a gene, preventing it from producing a protein - sometimes to a person's benefit, sometimes not. Methylation is one of several mechanisms for controlling gene expression, which is the focus of a rapidly growing field of study called epigenetics.

The study, published this month in Particle and Fibre Toxicology, found that diesel exhaust caused changes in methylation at about 2,800 different points on people's DNA, affecting about 400 genes. In some places it led to more methylation; in more cases, it decreased methylation.

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Wednesday, January 07, 2015

Muslims Around The World Condemn Charlie Hebdo Attack

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/01/07/muslims-respond-charlie-hebdo_n_6429710.html?ncid=fcbklnkushpmg00000063

By Carol Kuruvilla & Antonia Blumberg
Jan. 7, 2014

Muslims in France and around the world banded together on Wednesday to strongly condemn the deadliest terror attack the country has seen in the past two decades.

Three masked gunmen stormed the Paris offices of Charlie Hebdo, a satirical magazine that has become notorious for its caricatures of the Prophet Muhammad. One of the men reportedly shouted “Allahu akbar” as they unleashed a barrage of bullets that left at least twelve dead.

Muslim leaders and activists immediately denounced the terrorists actions, reiterating the verse in the Quran that tells Muslims when one kills just one innocent person, it is as if he has killed all of humanity.

The Grand Mosque of Paris, one of the largest in France, issued a statement on its website shortly after the attacks, saying its community was "shocked" and "horrified" by the violence.
We strongly condemn these kind of acts and we expect the authorities to take the most appropriate measures. Our community is stunned by what just happened. It’s a whole section of our democracy that is seriously affected. This is a deafening declaration of war. Times have changed, and we are now entering a new era of confrontation.

The Union of Islamic Organizations of France also responded on its website, writing: “The UOIF condemns in the strongest terms this criminal attack, and these horrible murders. The UOIF expresses its deepest condolences to the families and all the employees of Charlie Weekly.”

Hassen Chalghoumi, imam of the Drancy mosque in Paris's Seine-Saint-Denis suburb, spoke with France's BFM TV and condemned the attackers, saying, "Their barbarism has nothing to do with Islam."

"I am extremely angry," Chalghoumi said. "These are criminals, barbarians. They have sold their soul to hell. This is not freedom. This is not Islam and I hope the French will come out united at the end of this."

Countless Muslim activists, leaders and authors took to social media Wednesday to express horror and dismay at the attack:

[See article at link for list of comments]

Nashville's musical middle class collapses

http://www.tennessean.com/story/entertainment/music/2015/01/04/nashville-musical-middle-class-collapses-new-dylans/21236245/

Nate Rau
Jan. 5, 2014

•••••

As world-renowned artists like Taylor Swift, the Black Keys and Keith Urban have been hoisted up as evidence of Nashville's it-city status, the music industry has actually been in a state of unrelenting decline.

Since 2000, the number of full-time songwriters in Nashville has fallen by 80 percent, according to the Nashville Songwriters Association International. Album sales plummeted below 4 million in weekly sales in August, which marked a new low point since the industry began tracking data in 1991. Streaming services are increasing in popularity but have been unable to end the spiral.

The result has been the collapse of Nashville's musical middle class — blue-collar songwriters, studio musicians, producers and bands who eke out a living with the same lunch-pail approach that aconstruction professional brings to a work site. In fawning national publications, Nashville has emerged as a glamorous place populated with music celebrities. But in actuality, making a living at music is a rather gritty chore.

Independent songwriters like Reilley work under pressure-packed year-to-year deals. Professional musicians like Chris Autry, who plays bass for the New Dylans, are constantly on the hunt for a shrinking number of well-paying gigs. And working drummers and producers such as Ken Coomer, who plays drums for the band, earn a living project by project.

•••••

NSAI chalks up the decline of the songwriting profession to the rise in music piracy, the loss of album sales and the increase in popularity of streaming services like Spotify that don't pay songwriters as well.

Herbison has been advocating for more favorable federal laws to, as he describes it, pay songwriters a fair market rate for their work.

"I'd challenge the premise that there is much of a middle class anymore," Herbison said. "It's the haves and have-nots."

•••••

tags: music business

The Secret to Raising Smart Kids

http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-secret-to-raising-smart-kids1/?WT.mc_id=SA_WR_20150107

Jan 1, 2015 |By Carol S. Dweck

•••••

Our society worships talent, and many people assume that possessing superior intelligence or ability—along with confidence in that ability—is a recipe for success. In fact, however, more than 35 years of scientific investigation suggests that an overemphasis on intellect or talent leaves people vulnerable to failure, fearful of challenges and unwilling to remedy their shortcomings.

The result plays out in children like Jonathan, who coast through the early grades under the dangerous notion that no-effort academic achievement defines them as smart or gifted. Such children hold an implicit belief that intelligence is innate and fixed, making striving to learn seem far less important than being (or looking) smart. This belief also makes them see challenges, mistakes and even the need to exert effort as threats to their ego rather than as opportunities to improve. And it causes them to lose confidence and motivation when the work is no longer easy for them.

Praising children's innate abilities, as Jonathan's parents did, reinforces this mind-set, which can also prevent young athletes or people in the workforce and even marriages from living up to their potential. On the other hand, our studies show that teaching people to have a “growth mind-set,” which encourages a focus on “process” (consisting of personal effort and effective strategies) rather than on intelligence or talent, helps make them into high achievers in school and in life.

•••••

In particular, attributing poor performance to a lack of ability depresses motivation more than does the belief that lack of effort is to blame. In 1972, when I taught a group of elementary and middle school children who displayed helpless behavior in school that a lack of effort (rather than lack of ability) led to their mistakes on math problems, the kids learned to keep trying when the problems got tough. They also solved many more problems even in the face of difficulty. Another group of helpless children who were simply rewarded for their success on easier problems did not improve their ability to solve hard math problems. These experiments were an early indication that a focus on effort can help resolve helplessness and engender success.

•••••

Such divergent outlooks had a dramatic impact on performance. At the start of junior high, the math achievement test scores of the students with a growth mind-set were comparable to those of students who displayed a fixed mind-set. But as the work became more difficult, the students with a growth mind-set showed greater persistence. As a result, their math grades overtook those of the other students by the end of the first semester—and the gap between the two groups continued to widen during the two years we followed them.

Along with psychologist Heidi Grant Halvorson, now at Columbia, I found a similar relation between mind-set and achievement in a 2003 study of 128 Columbia freshman premed students who were enrolled in a challenging general chemistry course. Although all the students cared about grades, the ones who earned the best grades were those who placed a high premium on learning rather than on showing that they were smart in chemistry. The focus on learning strategies, effort and persistence paid off for these students.

•••••

A fixed mind-set can similarly hamper communication and progress in the workplace by leading managers and employees to discourage or ignore constructive criticism and advice.

•••••

Mind-set can affect the quality and longevity of personal relationships as well, through people's willingness—or unwillingness—to deal with difficulties.

•••••

How do we transmit a growth mind-set to our children? One way is by telling stories about achievements that result from hard work. For instance, talking about mathematical geniuses who were more or less born that way puts students in a fixed mind-set, but descriptions of great mathematicians who fell in love with math and developed amazing skills engenders a growth mind-set, our studies have shown. People also communicate mind-sets through praise. Although many, if not most, parents believe that they should build up children by telling them how brilliant and talented they are, our research suggests that this is misguided.

•••••

We found that intelligence praise encouraged a fixed mind-set more often than did pats on the back for effort. Those congratulated for their intelligence, for example, shied away from a challenging assignment—they wanted an easy one instead—far more often than the kids applauded for their process. (Most of those lauded for their hard work wanted the difficult problem set from which they would learn.) When we gave everyone hard problems anyway, those praised for being smart became discouraged, doubting their ability.

•••••

People may well differ in intelligence, talent and ability. And yet research is converging on the conclusion that great accomplishment, and even what we call genius, is typically the result of years of passion and dedication and not something that flows naturally from a gift. Mozart, Edison, Curie, Darwin and Cézanne were not simply born with talent; they cultivated it through tremendous and sustained effort. Similarly, hard work and discipline contribute more to school achievement than IQ does.

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According to a survey we conducted in the mid-1990s, 85 percent of parents believed that praising children's ability or intelligence when they perform well is important for making them feel smart. But our work shows that praising a child's intelligence makes a child fragile and defensive. So, too, does generic praise that suggests a stable trait, such as “You are a good artist.” Praise can be very valuable, however, if it is carefully worded. Praise for the specific process a child used to accomplish something fosters motivation and confidence by focusing children on the actions that lead to success. Such process praise may involve commending effort, strategies, focus, persistence in the face of difficulty, and willingness to take on challenges. The following are examples of such communications:


You did a good job drawing. I like the detail you added to the people's faces.

You really studied for your social studies test. You read the material over several times, outlined it and tested yourself on it. It really worked!

I like the way you tried a lot of different strategies on that math problem until you finally got it.

That was a hard English assignment, but you stuck with it until you got it done. You stayed at your desk and kept your concentration. That's great!

I like that you took on that challenging project for your science class. It will take a lot of work—doing the research, designing the apparatus, making the parts and building it. You are going to learn a lot of great things.

Parents and teachers can also teach children to enjoy the process of learning by expressing positive views of challenges, effort and mistakes. Here are some examples:

Boy, this is hard—this is fun.

Oh, sorry, that was too easy—no fun. Let's do something more challenging that you can learn from.

Let's all talk about what we struggled with today and learned from. I'll go first.

Mistakes are so interesting. Here's a wonderful mistake.

Let's see what we can learn from it.

How to keep your phone from dying in freezing weather

http://www.cbsnews.com/news/how-to-keep-your-phone-from-dying-in-freezing-weather/

When temperatures start dropping below freezing, the phone begins to shut down. It loses 20 percent of its battery life at the freezing point, and it only gets worse from there as temperatures drop to zero, as they have been in the Midwest.

"It all comes down to the battery and the chemical reaction taking place," Best Buy specialty sales manager Justin Kemper told WCCO's Natalie Nyhus, adding that most phones operate best at 70 degrees. "Basically batteries, when they get to zero degrees, the battery life will cut in half, go from 100 percent to 50 percent."

The phone may appear dead but Kemper said it likely will come back to life once you warm it up.

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Hotels want ability to block consumer Wi-Fi access

http://www.cbsnews.com/news/hotels-want-ability-to-block-consumer-wi-fi-access/

By Erik Sherman MoneyWatch January 7, 2015

Tired of the high costs of Internet access at hotels? If so and you own a smartphone, chances are that you've happily set up its Wi-Fi hotspot and wireless connected your laptop or tablet to it.

Now hotels seek permission to block that ability and force people back to sanctioned services. Marriott, the American Hotel & Lodging Association, and Ryman Hospitality Properties, which owns several resorts, have asked the Federal Communications Commission to declare that they can cause interference with customer Wi-Fi hotspots. A decision in their favor would effectively allow hotels to block consumer devices, making business-provided services the only choice.

According to the petition to the FCC, the industry has framed the issue as ensuring that a hotel's network management equipment would not be liable for any interference it might cause with customer hotspots.

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By using network management equipment, any Wi-Fi provider could effectively block another hotspot, like one from a cellphone, without technically employing signal jammers, which, as the petitioners admit, "have no lawful consumer use in the United States."

Hotels have a financial interest in convincing consumers to use the official Internet services. The average cost to provide Wi-Fi to a given hotel room is about $2.50 to $4.50 a month. Hotels turn around and charge an average of $13.95 a day.

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Last October, Mariott agreed to pay a $600,000 fine to resolve an FCC investigation into whether the chain "intentionally interfered with and disabled Wi-Fi networks established by consumers in the conference facilities" of one of its properties. According to the FCC, "Marriott employees had used containment features of a Wi-Fi monitoring system at the Gaylord Opryland to prevent individuals from connecting to the Internet via their own personal Wi-Fi networks, while at the same time charging consumers, small businesses, and exhibitors as much as $1,000 per device to access Marriott's Wi-Fi network."

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Paris attackers are evil thugs

A person's true religion is shown by what they do, not by what religion they claim. These people are criminal power-freak thugs, like the KKK and Mexican drug groups. And they show the danger of unthinking extremist believers.

I'm not saying it is good to make fun of other's religions, any more than you would want others making fun of your own beliefs. From what I've heard so far, I don't see that the cartoons served any good purpose. But killing them is sick, depraved, and barbaric.

America's Most Harmful Form of Welfare

http://www.ora.tv/offthegrid/article/america-harmful-form-welfare

Jan. 5, 2015
Jesse Ventura

Conservatives continue to wage war on our nation's most vulnerable, all for cheap political gain.

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While we try to shame our nation's poor, I'm curious to know how much social programs actually cost taxpayers. According to Examiner.com's Lou Colagiovanni, in 2012, a married person with one child making $50,000 per year paid just over $36 in taxes for "food and nutrition assistance" programs -- this equals out to just 10 cents per day!

On the other hand, the average US family pays a staggering $6,000 each year in subsidies to big business. To find out exactly where the $6,000 is going, read the story here.

Ronald Reagan created the offensive & ignorant term "welfare queen" back in the 70s. The truth is, these "queens" are corporations like Walmart. Walmart & the Walton family collectively profit from nearly $7.8 billion per year in federal subsidies and tax breaks.

Meanwhile, Walmart pays such low wages, its employees go on welfare.

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Sleep Loss and Inflammation

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3548567/

Jan 18, 2013.

Controlled, experimental studies on the effects of acute sleep loss in humans have shown that mediators of inflammation are altered by sleep loss. Elevations in these mediators have been found to occur in healthy, rigorously screened individuals undergoing experimental vigils of more than 24 hours, and have also been seen in response to various durations of sleep restricted to between 25 and 50% of a normal 8 hour sleep amount. While these altered profiles represent small changes, such sub-clinical shifts in basal inflammatory cytokines are known to be associated with the future development of metabolic syndrome disease in healthy, asymptomatic individuals.

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