Talking while driving safest with someone who can see what you see

http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2014-10/uoia-stw100814.php

PUBLIC RELEASE DATE: 8-Oct-2014

Contact: Diana Yates
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Study: Talking while driving safest with someone who can see what you see

A new study offers fresh insights into how talking on a cell phone or to a passenger while driving affects one's performance behind the wheel. The study used a driving simulator and videophone to assess how a driver's conversation partner influences safety on the road.

"We've done years of study on driver distraction, and previous studies suggest that passengers often aren't distracting. In fact, passengers can be helpful, especially if they're adults who have had experience and also are active drivers themselves," said University of Illinois psychology professor and Beckman Institute director Arthur Kramer, who led the research with postdoctoral fellow Kyle Mathewson and graduate student John Gaspar. Mathewson is now a professor of psychology at the University of Alberta.

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Driving alone was the safest option, the researchers found, in line with previous research. There were significantly fewer collisions when drivers were alone in the simulated car than when they spoke to a passenger in the car with them. Passengers helped drivers find their exits and improved their memory of road signs, but they detracted from overall safety (avoidance of collisions), Kramer said.

As expected, speaking to someone on a cell phone while driving was the most dangerous of the conditions. Talking to someone who had no awareness of what was going on inside or outside the car more than tripled the likelihood of a collision, the researchers found.

The most interesting results, however, involved the fourth driving scenario – when a driver spoke to someone who was not in the car but who could observe the driver's face and the view out the front windshield on a videophone.

"Drivers were less likely to be involved in a collision when their remote partner could see what they were seeing," Gaspar said. "And this benefit seems to be driven by changes in the way partners talked to the driver."

Seeing the driver and watching what was going on in traffic during the conversation allowed the non-driving partner to stop speaking, for example, when something unexpected occurred on the road, or to point out a situation that might be dangerous, Gaspar said.

"Conversations with a partner on the videophone were very similar to conversations with a passenger," he said.

The findings demonstrate that a passenger or conversation partner can contribute significantly to the safety of the driving experience, Kramer said. If that person knows what's going on in the car, he or she can stop talking or draw the driver's attention to specific road conditions. While this is not safer for the driver than driving alone or in silence, it is safer than when the driver is speaking on a cell phone to someone who doesn't know what's going on in and around the car, he said.

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