Wednesday, May 07, 2014

Adults at higher risk of suicide attempt if parent abused alcohol

I would think at least some of the results for divorced parents would come from the fact that the reasons the parents divorced were caused by negative behaviour that was also exhibited toward the child, like psychological or physical abuse.

http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2014-05/apa-aah050614.php

PUBLIC RELEASE DATE: 6-May-2014

Contact: Lisa Bowen
American Psychological Association
Adults at higher risk of suicide attempt if parent abused alcohol, research finds
Having divorced parents who also abused alcohol did not increase suicide risk, according to study

WASHINGTON -- People who grew up with a parent who abused alcohol may be 85 percent more likely to attempt suicide than people whose parents did not abuse alcohol, according to research published by the American Psychological Association.

Furthermore, having divorced parents increased by 14 percent the risk that a person would try to take his or her own life when compared to people whose parents did not divorce, the study found. But putting those two factors together - parents who abuse alcohol and are divorced -- did not increase suicide attempts, according to the study, coming out in the May issue of APA's American Journal of Orthopsychiatry.

‘Seeing Jesus in toast’ phenomenon perfectly normal

I think most of us have seen images in clouds. What is mocked in these people is not that someone sees an image, but that they think it has some kind of supernatural cause.

http://media.utoronto.ca/media-releases/university-of-toronto-researchers-find-seeing-jesus-in-toast-phenomenon-perfectly-normal/

University of Toronto researchers find ‘Seeing Jesus in toast’ phenomenon perfectly normal
Posted on May 6, 2014

People who claim to see “Jesus in toast” may no longer be mocked in the future thanks to a new study by researchers at the University of Toronto and partner institutions in China.

Researchers have found that the phenomenon of “face pareidolia”– where onlookers report seeing images of Jesus, Virgin Mary, or Elvis in objects such as toasts, shrouds, and clouds — is normal and based on physical causes.

“Most people think you have to be mentally abnormal to see these types of images, so individuals reporting this phenomenon are often ridiculed”, says lead researcher Prof. Kang Lee of the University of Toronto’s Eric Jackman Institute of Child Study. “But our findings suggest that it’s common for people to see non-existent features because human brains are uniquely wired to recognize faces, so that even when there’s only a slight suggestion of facial features the brain automatically interprets it as a face,” said Lee.

Although this phenomenon has been known for centuries, little is understood about the underlying neural mechanisms that cause it. In the first study of its kind, researchers studied brain scans and behavioural responses to individuals seeing faces and letters in different patterns. They discovered face paredilia isn’t due to a brain anomaly or imagination but is caused by the combined work of the frontal cortex which helps generate expectations and sends signals to the posterior visual cortex to enhance the interpretation stimuli from the outside world.

Researchers also found that people can be led to see different images — such as faces or words or letters — depending on what they expect to see, which in turn activates specific parts of the brain that process such images. Seeing “Jesus in toast” reflects our brain’s normal functioning and the active role that the frontal cortex plays in visual perception. Instead of the phrase “seeing is believing” the results suggest that “believing is seeing.”

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A cup of coffee a day may keep retinal damage away

I can't stand the taste of coffee. Too bitter.

Chlorogenic acid is also present in black tea.

http://mediarelations.cornell.edu/2014/05/06/a-cup-of-coffee-a-day-may-keep-retinal-damage-away/

May 6, 2014 By Melissa Osgood

Coffee drinkers, rejoice! Aside from java’s energy jolt, food scientists say you may reap another health benefit from a daily cup of joe: prevention of deteriorating eyesight and possible blindness from retinal degeneration due to glaucoma, aging and diabetes.

Raw coffee is, on average, just 1 percent caffeine, but it contains 7 to 9 percent chlorogenic acid, a strong antioxidant that prevents retinal degeneration in mice, according to a Cornell study published in the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry.

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Previous studies have shown that coffee also cuts the risk of such chronic diseases as Parkinson’s, prostate cancer, diabetes, Alzheimer’s and age-related cognitive declines.

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http://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/molecule-of-the-week/archive/molecule-of-the-week-chlorogenic-acid.html

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Chlorogenic acid and its isomers also occur in the fruit, leaves, and other tissues of dicotyledenous plants.

The chlorogenic acids in coffee beans are destroyed when the beans are roasted. But J. A. Vinson and colleagues at the University of Scranton (PA) recently found that consuming the chlorogenic acid–rich extracts of green coffee beans promotes weight loss and improves glucose tolerance in humans.

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As CO2 levels rise, some crop nutrients will fall

http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2014-05/uoia-acl050514.php

PUBLIC RELEASE DATE: 7-May-2014

Contact: Diana Yates
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
As CO2 levels rise, some crop nutrients will fall

CHAMPAIGN, Ill. — Researchers have some bad news for future farmers and eaters: As carbon dioxide levels rise this century, some grains and legumes will become significantly less nutritious than they are today.

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"When we take all of the FACE experiments we've got around the world, we see that an awful lot of our key crops have lower concentrations of zinc and iron in them (at high CO2)," said University of Illinois plant biology and Institute for Genomic Biology professor Andrew Leakey, an author on the study. "And zinc and iron deficiency is a big global health problem already for at least 2 billion people."

Zinc and iron went down significantly in wheat, rice, field peas and soybeans. Wheat and rice also saw notable declines in protein content at higher CO2.

"Across a diverse set of environments in a number of countries, we see this decrease in quality," Leakey said.

Nutrients in sorghum and maize remained relatively stable at higher CO2 levels because these crops use a type of photosynthesis, called C4, which already concentrates carbon dioxide in their leaves, Leakey said.

"C4 is sort of a fuel-injected photosynthesis that maize and sorghum and millet have," he said. "Our previous work here at Illinois has shown that their photosynthesis rates are not stimulated by being at elevated CO2. They already have high CO2 inside their leaves."

More research is needed to determine how crops grown in developing regions of the world will respond to higher atmospheric CO2, Leakey said.

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Breastfeeding promotes the growth of beneficial bacteria in the gut

http://www.food.dtu.dk/english/News/Nyhed?id=F3815DC9-92E1-4512-B4AF-0FC24ED68377

07 May 14

The nutritional factor that has the greatest impact on the development of a child's gut flora is whether the child is breastfed, according to a new study by the National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, and the University of Copenhagen. The study shows that breastfeeding promotes the growth of beneficial lactic acid bacteria in the baby's gut flora, which are beneficial to the development of the child's immune system.

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Perceived age, weight discrimination worse for health than perceived racism, sexism

http://news.fsu.edu/More-FSU-News/Perceived-age-weight-discrimination-worse-for-health-than-perceived-racism-sexism

WEDNESDAY, MAY 7, 2014
Julie Jordan

Perceived age and weight discrimination, more than perceived race and sex discrimination, are linked to worse health in older adults, according to new research from the Florida State University College of Medicine.

The findings are part of a study measuring changes in health over a four-year period and published in the American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry.

“Our previous research showed that perceived discrimination based on body weight was associated with risk of obesity. We wanted to see whether this association extended to other health indicators and types of discrimination,” said lead author Angelina Sutin, assistant professor of behavioral sciences and social medicine.

“What we found was unexpected and striking.”

Sutin and colleagues found that older adults who perceived weight discrimination and older adults who perceived discrimination based on age, a physical disability or other aspect of appearance had significantly lower physical and emotional health and greater declines in health compared to people who did not report experiencing such discrimination.

In contrast, perceived discrimination based on relatively fixed characteristics — race, sex, ancestry and sexual orientation — were largely unrelated to declines in physical and emotional health for the older adults.

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Phytoplankton and zooplankton biomass are expected to decrease by 6% and 11% respectively by the end of century due to climate change

http://www.basqueresearch.com/berria_irakurri.asp?Berri_Kod=5037&hizk=I#.U2q3084vD90

2014/5/7

It is estimated that ocean temperature warming will cause phytoplankton and zooplankton biomass to decrease by 6% and 11% respectively by the end of the century. A lower amount of these two main elements in the marine food web could reduce fish biomass in certain regions. These are some of the main conclusions drawn by research led by Azti-Tecnalia within the European MEECE project and recently published in the prestigious Global Change Biology Journal.

Sea surface temperature is expected to increase 2 ÂșC on average globally by 2080-2100. Some of the consequences of this increase include changes in ocean circulation and higher water column stratification, thus affecting the nutrient availability for the growth of marine phytoplankton.

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This process will take place mainly in tropical oceans, which cover 47% of the global ocean surface.

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Regular doctor visits may greatly diminish skin cancer deaths

http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2014-05/hfhs-rdv050714.php

PUBLIC RELEASE DATE: 7-May-2014

Contact: David Olejarz
Henry Ford Health System
Regular doctor visits may greatly diminish skin cancer deaths


DETROIT – The risk of dying from the most dangerous type of skin cancer is significantly reduced with regular doctor visits, according to a Henry Ford Hospital study.

This is believed to be the first study of its kind to link melanoma mortality with routine health care use.

Researchers found that deaths from melanoma dropped 70 percent in patients who had at least one visit to their family doctor or to a specialist in the five years prior to their diagnosis. When factoring in age, gender, socio economics and co-morbidities, mortality decreased by 90 percent in patients who visited a specialist.

Researchers also found substantial reductions in mortality in patients who underwent preventive screenings like a fasting blood test or colonoscopy.

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While all cancer deaths declined 1.5 percent annually from 2002-2011, the number of melanoma deaths increased 5 percent in the early to mid-1990s but have since leveled off, according to the National Institutes of Health.

However, disparities and poor outcomes exist in melanoma patients who are older, male and from ethnic and lower socioeconomic backgrounds. Researchers sought to examine whether these disparities, when coupled with patients who have insurance and access to care, could be predictors of melanoma mortality.

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Surprisingly, researchers found that visiting a specialist prior to melanoma diagnosis may reduce their risk of dying by 90 percent.

"This suggests that these patients who do better may be more engaged in their care or have less outside demands distracting from their care," Dr. Eide says. "It's not just about having insurance and having a doctor you see, it may be about being invested and an advocate for your own health. We found that regardless of their cancer stage at diagnosis, these patients who saw more specialists and had compliance with their fasting lipid panels and other screenings had a better prognosis. This may suggest a role for the patient in improving their health by being engaged and prioritizing their care."

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Early depression, anger may taint love life even 20 years later, study shows

http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2014-05/uoa-eda050714.php

PUBLIC RELEASE DATE: 7-May-2014

Contact: Bev Betkowski
University of Alberta
Early depression, anger may taint love life even 20 years later, study shows

A University of Alberta study is helping crack the code to happiness by exploring the long reach of depression and anger over more than two decades.

The study, published recently in the Journal of Family Psychology, followed 341 people for 25 years, and found that negative emotions they may have suffered as young adults can have a lasting grip on their couple relationships, well into middle age.

The fact that depression and anger experienced during the teen years clung to people, even through major life events such as child-rearing, marriages and careers was surprising, said University of Alberta researcher Matthew Johnson.

"We assume or hope that high school experiences fade away and don't necessarily resonate 25 years later. The fact that symptoms of depression and expressions of anger can endure over many large events in life shows how important it is to deal with mental health early. Sometimes, problems don't just dissipate. How you grow and change over those early years becomes crucial to future happiness," said Johnson, an assistant professor of human ecology in the Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences.

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Airborne measurements confirm leaks from oil and gas operations



PUBLIC RELEASE DATE: 7-May-2014

Contact: Gabrielle Petron
University of Colorado at Boulder
Airborne measurements confirm leaks from oil and gas operations
CIRES, NOAA study finds more methane, ozone precursors and benzene than estimated by regulators

During two days of intensive airborne measurements, oil and gas operations in Colorado's Front Range leaked nearly three times as much methane, a greenhouse gas, as predicted based on inventory estimates, and seven times as much benzene, a regulated air toxic. Emissions of other chemicals that contribute to summertime ozone pollution were about twice as high as estimates, according to the new paper, accepted for publication in the American Geophysical Union's Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres.

"These discrepancies are substantial," said lead author Gabrielle Petron, an atmospheric scientist with NOAA's Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences at the University of Colorado Boulder. "Emission estimates or 'inventories' are the primary tool that policy makers and regulators use to evaluate air quality and climate impacts of various sources, including oil and gas sources. If they're off, it's important to know."

The new paper provides independent confirmation of findings from research performed from 2008-2010, also by Petron and her colleagues, on the magnitude of air pollutant emissions from oil and gas activities in northeastern Colorado. In the earlier study, the team used a mobile laboratory—sophisticated chemical detection instruments packed into a car—and an instrumented NOAA tall tower near Erie, Colorado, to measure atmospheric concentrations of several chemicals downwind of various sources, including oil and gas equipment, landfills and animal feedlots.

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Fake and Overused Weather Photos: Avoid Sharing These Images Next Time You See Them On Social Media

Some of these are photoshopped, some are mislabeled, recycled from the past.

The commentary on each photo begins to the right of the photo.

http://www.wunderground.com/news/fake-overused-weather-photos-20140421

By Sean Breslin
Published: May 7, 2014

Social media has been a beneficial tool for weather forecasters in the 21st century. It allows meteorologists to give the public advance warning about a dangerous weather event, and, once the event begins, news gatherers use social media to quickly share images and video of a damaging storm system.

Conversely, social media has also made it easier to spread a lie. All it takes is one person to find an old picture or video, rebrand it as current and share it to Facebook or Twitter. Then it has the potential to go viral all over again.

Spotting fake photos isn't easy, but it's slightly simpler when abiding by one maxim: If it seems too good to be true, it probably is. As for recycled weather photos that came from a past event, websites like Tineye and Google Image Search can help pick out reused images that were posted on the Internet long ago. To use Tineye or Google Image Search, just save the photo in question and upload it to either site. They will tell you if that photo has been previously shared on social media.

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Saudi activist sentenced to 10 years, 1,000 lashes for insulting Islam

This is what happens when religious conservatives get too much power.

A government does this is deeply evil.
And if this is truly compatible with their religion, then their religion is deeply evil.

http://www.cnn.com/2014/05/07/world/meast/saudi-activist-sentenced/?hpt=wo_c2

By Mohammed Jamjoom, CNN
updated 4:54 PM EDT, Wed May 7, 2014

Prominent Saudi activist Raif Badawi on Wednesday was sentenced to 10 years in prison and 1,000 lashes by a Saudi court for insulting Islam, said his wife and a source who followed the case closely.

Badawi had appealed his original 2013 conviction, which carried a sentence of seven years in prison and 600 lashes, for insulting Islam and violating the Kingdom's anti-cybercrime laws.

That verdict was overturned by an appeals court and a retrial was ordered.

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The judgment also included a 1 million riyal fine, which is equal to about $267,000.

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Badawi, a respected rights activist in Saudi Arabia, first got into legal hot water with the Saudi government after starting a liberal website and forum where users could discuss religion.

His trial, guilty verdict, sentence and imprisonment has caused immense outrage among international rights groups like Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International, who accused Saudi authorities of cracking down on activism and attempting to quell dissent in the ultraconservative nation.

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In the last few months, the Saudi government has passed a series of very strong anti-terror laws that many rights groups fear will be used, among other things, as a way to quash dissent

Last year, prominent rights and reform activists Mohammed Al-Qahtani and Abdullah Al-Hamid were each sentenced to 10 years in prison.

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Researchers warn Oklahoma quakes linked to fracking boom could get stronger

http://www.mcclatchydc.com/2014/05/06/226647/researchers-warn-oklahoma-quakes.html

By Sean Cockerham
McClatchy Washington Bureau
May 6, 2014

Seismologists are warning that Oklahoma’s skyrocketing earthquakes linked to oil and gas activity are liable to get stronger and more dangerous.

Oklahoma has seen a 50 percent rise in earthquakes since October of last year. Since 2009, after the nation’s fracking boom began, the earthquake activity in Oklahoma has been approximately 40 times higher than in the 30 previous years, according to the U.S. Geological Survey.

The recent surge in the rate of the quakes has prompted the USGS and the Oklahoma Geological Survey to issue a warning that the earthquakes could get stronger, with the agencies saying there is a significantly increased chance for a damaging magnitude 5.5 or greater quake in central Oklahoma.

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A USGS analysis suggests a likely contributing factor to the increase in earthquakes is drilling wastewater injected into deep geologic formations.

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Most ofthe Oklahoma quakes have been small so far. But scientists have linked a 5.7 magnitude quake near Prague, Oklahoma in 2011 to disposal of drilling wastewater. That earthquake was felt as far away as Milwaukee and destroyed 14 homes.

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Keeping the rich rich

I suggest reading the whole article at the following link:

http://stumblingandmumbling.typepad.com/stumbling_and_mumbling/2014/05/keeping-the-rich-rich.html

Andrew Lilico says:

I would prefer a system in which the wealthy were allowed to lose their money if their investments go bad, in which the state does not intervene in the economy to keep the rich rich. I grant that we do not have such a political system now – the bank bailouts of 2008 and since have made that clear to everyone.

The bailouts, though, are only a small part of the story here. There are countless other ways in which the state helps keep the rich rich, for example:

- The state enforces property relations, including intellectual property rights. "Private property cannot survive without the guarantee of government" says Ferdinand Mount, who's hardly a rabid leftie. This guarantee, though, is asymmetric; if you have a troublesome tenant, the police might turn up mob-handed. But if you have trouble with your phoneline, they are unlikely to raid BT's offices.

- Planning restrictions help to keep house prices high, to be the benefit of landlords, and help to maintain local near-monopolies for example by restricting the number of retailers in an area.

- Government spending is a form of corporate welfare. At its best, it helps sustain demand for capitalist products. And at its worst - for example in overpaying for military equipment, paying for welfare-to-work programmes that don't work or just outright fraud - it gives capitalists something for nothing.

- The ordinary welfare state helps the rich too. Most obviously, housing benefit subsidizes landlords. But it's also the case that welfare benefits help underpin and stabilize aggregrate demand, and help to maintain a supply of labour, all of which benefits capitalists.

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The Inefficiency of Inequality

http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2014/01/22/the_inefficiency_of_inequality

Why America's staggering wealth disparity is an economic problem -- not just a moral one.

BY Daniel Altman
JANUARY 22, 2014

The debate about inequality inflames many passions because of its moral and philosophical trappings. But inequality is also an economic phenomenon with enormous consequences that we are just beginning to understand. In fact, inequality's impairment of economic growth may dwarf its more apparent social costs.

To understand why, consider what happens when economic opportunities are in short supply. When any market has a shortage, not everyone gets the things they want. But who does get them also matters, because it's not always the people who value those things the most.

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This problem, which economists call inefficient allocation, is present in the market for opportunities as well. It's best for the economy when the person best able to exploit an opportunity is the one who gets it. By giving opportunities to these people, we make the economic pie as big as possible. But sometimes, the allocation of opportunity is not determined solely by effort or ability.

To a great degree, access to opportunity in the United States depends on wealth. Discrimination based on race, religion, gender, and sexual discrimination may be on the wane in many countries, but discrimination based on wealth is still a powerful force. It opens doors, especially for people who may not boast the strongest talents or work ethic.

Country club memberships, charity dinners, and other platforms for economic networking come with high price tags decided by existing elites. Their exclusion of a whole swath of society because of something other than human potential automatically creates scope for inefficient allocation. But it's not always people who do the discriminating; sometimes it's just the system.

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Yet running for office takes money -- lots of it -- and there are no restrictions on how much a candidate may spend. As a result, the people who win have tended to be very wealthy.

Of course, political life isn't the only economic opportunity with a limited number of spots. In the United States, places at top universities are so scant that many accept fewer than 10 percent of applicants. Even with need-blind admissions, kids from wealthy backgrounds have huge advantages; they apply having received better schooling, tutoring if they needed it, enrichment through travel, and good nutrition and healthcare throughout their youth.

The fact that money affects access to these opportunities, even in part, implies some seats in Congress and Ivy League lecture halls would have been used more productively by poorer people of greater gifts. These two cases are particularly important, because they imply that fighting poverty alone is not enough to correct inefficient allocations. With a limited number of places at stake, what matters is relative wealth, or who can outspend whom. And when inequality rises, this gap grows.

And rise it has. According to the Federal Reserve's Survey of Consumer Finances, the share of American wealth held by the top 10 percent of families (ranked by net worth) climbed from 67 percent in 1992 to 75 percent in 2010. In the 2010 survey, the average net worth of the bottom half of families was $11,400. For the next quarter of families, the average was $168,900. Clearly, these two groups face vastly different economic opportunities in our society, regardless of their raw aptitude.

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The easiest way to redistribute wealth continues to be the estate tax, yet it is politically unpopular and applies to only about 10,000 households a year. All of this might change, however, as more research estimates the harm caused by inequality through the inefficient allocation of opportunities.

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US welfare spending up, but help for the neediest down

http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2014-05/jhu-uws050614.php

6-May-2014

Contact: Jill Rosen
Johns Hopkins University
US welfare spending up, but help for the neediest down

Although the nation is spending more on welfare than ever before, most of that money is going to better-off families rather than the very poorest, a researcher found.

Robert A. Moffitt, the Krieger-Eisenhower Professor of Economics at the Johns Hopkins University, found that the United States has become more generous over time in supporting low-income families, spending 74 percent more in inflation-adjusted dollars on welfare programs in 2007 than in 1975. But for the 2.5 million single parent families with the absolute lowest levels of earnings, aid dropped 35 percent between 1983 and 2004. During that same period, aid rose 74 percent for those earning slightly more.

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Moffitt researched the 15 largest social safety net programs over the past 30 years and found spending to assist the poor had dramatically increased, especially since the mid-1980s. He also examined who was getting that money and discovered three major trends.

First, there was the marked shift away from those earning the least money, as little as 50 percent of the federal poverty line, to those with incomes as much as 200 percent above the poverty line. That means in 2014, a family of four earning $11,925 a year likely got less aid than a same-sized family earning $47,700.

Next, he found more assistance going to the elderly and the disabled and less to the non-aged and non-disabled.

And finally he tracked a spending shift to married parent families, away from single parent families.

Though welfare spending was up overall, Moffitt found the programs with the most growth tended to assist only specialized populations. These included the Supplemental Security Income program (which only helps people who are elderly, blind and disabled), the Earned Income Tax Credit program (which offers tax credits only to working people and mainly to families earning $10,000 to $20,000) and the Child Tax Credit (which only helps those with significant taxable income).

The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance program, or food stamps, which also expanded greatly, does help a broad range of recipients but provides only about $5 per day per person.

Overall, Moffitt discovered a distinct trend of welfare benefits going to those who are regarding as "deserving" of support. More directly put, the government and voters prefer that aid go to those who work, who are married and who have kids, Moffitt said.

Single parent families with no disabled members and all members younger than 62 received, when adjusted for inflation, 20 percent less from the government in 2004 than in 1983. Of those families, those with incomes 50 percent below the poverty line took the biggest hit with an aid drop of 35 percent. Those with incomes above 50 percent of the poverty line actually saw an increase of 73 percent.

"We see a pattern — rising support for those who work and declining support for those who do not," Moffitt said. "The decline of support to families with non-employed members and to single parents seems to be rooted in the presumption that they have not taken personal responsibility for their own situation."

While Moffitt agreed that work should be rewarded and that those who are capable of working should be required to do so, he recommended that those who are making an effort but are not able to find good-paying jobs receive more support than they are currently receiving.

President Obama's action plan to deal with climate change

Some highlights from President Obama's action plan to deal with climate change.
See the following link for details.

http://www.whitehouse.gov/climate-change?utm_source=email&utm_medium=email&utm_content=email329-text2&utm_campaign=climate

Globally, the 10 warmest years on record all occurred since 1998.

For the contiguous 48 states, 7 of the 10 warmest years on record have occurred since 1998.

2012 was the second most extreme year on record for the nation

Droughts, Wildfires, and Floods are all more frequent and intense

Climate and weather disasters in 2012 alone cost the American economy more than $100 billion

Children, the elderly, and the poor are most vulnerable to a range of climate-related health effects, including those related to heat stress, air pollution, extreme weather events, and diseases carried by food, water, and insects.

The President's Plan to Cut Carbon Pollution in America

Reducing Carbon Pollution from Power Plants

Accelerating Clean Energy Leadership

Building a 21st Century Clean Energy Infrastructure

Cutting energy waste in homes, businesses, and factories

Reducing other greenhouse gas emissions

Prepare for the impacts of climate change

Support climate-resilient investments

Rebuild and learn from Superstorm Sandy

Launch an effort to create sustainable and resilient hospitals

Maintain Agriculture Productivity

The full report of the National Climate Assessment

It has several sections that can be accessed to see observed and expected changes by region of country and effects on various sectors, such as water and agriculture.

I have given a few highlights.

http://nca2014.globalchange.gov/report

The National Climate Assessment summarizes the impacts of climate change on the United States, now and in the future.

The full report of the National Climate Assessment provides an in-depth look at climate change impacts on the U.S. It details the multitude of ways climate change is already affecting and will increasingly affect the lives of Americans.

A team of more than 300 experts guided by a 60-member Federal Advisory Committee produced the report, which was extensively reviewed by the public and experts, including federal agencies and a panel of the National Academy of Sciences.

http://nca2014.globalchange.gov/report/our-changing-climate/observed-change

Global climate is changing and this change is apparent across a wide range of observations. The global warming of the past 50 years is primarily due to human activities.

Temperatures at the surface, in the troposphere (the active weather layer extending up to about 5 to 10 miles above the ground), and in the oceans have all increased over recent decades (Figure 2.2). Consistent with our scientific understanding, the largest increases in temperature are occurring closer to the poles, especially in the Arctic. Snow and ice cover have decreased in most areas. Atmospheric water vapor is increasing in the lower atmosphere, because a warmer atmosphere can hold more water. Sea levels are also increasing (see Key Message 10). Changes in other climate-relevant indicators such as growing season length have been observed in many areas. Worldwide, the observed changes in average conditions have been accompanied by increasing trends in extremes of heat and heavy precipitation events, and decreases in extreme cold.

http://nca2014.globalchange.gov/report/our-changing-climate/future-climate-change

Global climate is projected to continue to change over this century and beyond. The magnitude of climate change beyond the next few decades depends primarily on the amount of heat-trapping gases emitted globally, and how sensitive the Earth’s climate is to those emissions.

A certain amount of continued warming of the planet is projected to occur as a result of human-induced emissions to date; another 0.5°F increase would be expected over the next few decades even if all emissions from human activities suddenly stopped, although natural variability could still play an important role over this time period. However, choices made now and in the next few decades will determine the amount of additional future warming. Beyond mid-century, lower levels of heat-trapping gases in scenarios with reduced emissions will lead to noticeably less future warming. Higher emissions levels will result in more warming, and thus more severe impacts on human society and the natural world.

Confidence in projections of future climate change has increased. The wider range of potential changes in global average temperature in the latest generation of climate model simulations used in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s (IPCC) current assessment – versus those in the previous assessment – is simply a result of considering more options for future human behavior. For example, one of the scenarios included in the IPCC’s latest assessment assumes aggressive emissions reductions designed to limit the global temperature increase to 3.6°F (2°C) above pre-industrial levels.

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Projections of future changes in precipitation show small increases in the global average but substantial shifts in where and how precipitation falls. Generally, areas closest to the poles are projected to receive more precipitation, while the dry subtropics (the region just outside the tropics, between 23° and 35° on either side of the equator) expand toward the poles and receive less rain. Increases in tropical precipitation are projected during rainy seasons (such as monsoons), especially over the tropical Pacific. Certain regions, including the western U.S. (especially the Southwest) and the Mediterranean, are presently dry and are expected to become drier. ,,, The patterns of the projected changes of precipitation do not contain the spatial details that characterize observed precipitation, especially in mountainous terrain, because the projections are averages from multiple models and because the effective resolution of global climate models is roughly 100-200 miles.

Barack Obama's emissions plan comes under new line of attack from fossil fuel moguls

These people can afford to live away from the pollution their companies produce.

http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2014/may/02/barack-obamas-emissions-plan-comes-under-new-line-of-attack

Suzanne Goldenberg
May 2, 2014

The central pillar of Barack Obama's climate change agenda has come under a new line of co-ordinated attack from influential lobbying networks involving Republican politicians and big business.

The Guardian has learned that the American Legislative Exchange Council (Alec), a free market group of state legislators funded in part by coal and oil companies such as Peabody Energy and Koch Industries, launched a much broader style of campaigning in 2014 to block the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) from cutting greenhouse gas emissions from power plants.

Documents obtained by the Guardian offer a rare glimpse into the inner workings of Alec as the organisation tried to drum up opposition from coal, oil and electricity industry groups and state officials.

The documents showed Alec adopting a new tactic of encouraging state attorney generals to bring lawsuits against the new EPA regulations – and so sink the emissions controls before they come into effect. Alec also encouraged legislators to lobby attorney generals and governors in other states on the EPA rules, the documents showed.

Meanwhile, Alec legislators introduced about a dozen anti-EPA bills in states including Arizona, Florida, Ohio and Virginia.

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The document was obtained through a public records request by the Centre for Media and Democracy (CMD), and made available to the Guardian. Ollison, when asked, did not dispute the accuracy of the document.

"Alec has become quite well known and notorious for promoting model legislation. This is different," said Nick Surgey, director of research for CMD which investigates corporate influence on public policy. "Alec is engaging much more broadly in the campaign against the EPA regulations, and they are doing so by asking their members to advocate for the coal industry with attorney generals.

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The EPA proposed new rules for future power plants late last year, and is due to outline the standards for existing power plants in June.

Power plants are the biggest single source of greenhouse gas emissions, and the proposed EPA rules are at the core of Obama's climate change strategy.

The proposed rules for future power plants would make it impossible to build new coal-fired power plants without investing in new carbon capturing technologies. Republican elected officials and industry groups have accused the EPA of waging a "war on coal".

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Alec also remains active on other environmental issues. The group is tracking some 130 bills in state legislatures to support the Keystone XL pipeline project, block controls on fracking, and make it more expensive for homeowners to invest in solar panels – as well as block the EPA regulations, according to internal documents.

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U.S. Climate Report: For Some Native Groups, There’s Literally Nowhere To Run

http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2014/05/06/3434488/nca-report-indigenous-tribes/

By Emily Atkin May 6, 2014

They can hide, but they can’t run.

Some indigenous groups living in remote areas of Alaska and the Pacific Islands will have “overwhelming” difficulty adapting to sea level rise, coastal erosion, and other harmful effects of climate change, in part because they will have no sovereign land to go to if they have to leave, according to a landmark federal report released Tuesday by the White House.

“Some climate change adaptation opportunities exist on Native lands, and traditional knowledge can enhance adaptation and sustainability strategies,” the report, called the National Climate Assessment (NCA), read. “In many cases, however, adaptation options are limited by poverty, lack of resources, or — for some Native communities, such as those along the northern coast of Alaska constrained by public lands or on certain low-lying Pacific Islands — because there may be no land left to call their own.”

Written by 300 leading climate scientists and experts, the wide-ranging NCA report laid out some pretty bleak predictions about what climate change could do to the U.S. and its territories. But the report also offered some hope, laying out different response strategies that could improve life in a warming world.

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NPR loyal to corporate fossil fuel donors



It is disgusting to hear public radio broadcasting comments by people lauding them for "fair reporting". They slant towards their rich corporate and individual donors by omission. Eg., this weekend, in an interview yesterday with Bill McKibben, about why we have ignored the warnings about global warming, there was no mention of the way some fossil fuel owners have manipulated people to dismiss scientists warnings. The only thing that was allowed to be discussed was individual patterns of thinking. I don't know if they simply told him they didn't want to discuss this, or if they cut out his comments. There is no way McKibbon would not have mentioned this problem if he had been allowed to speak freely.

Also, they parrot the Republican charges that the IRS targeted "conservative groups" to investigate. No mention at all that that is not true, that progressive groups were also investigated for abuse of tax-exempt status.

I have no problem with people who express appreciation that NPR news is polite, but it is not unbiased.

http://www.npr.org/2014/05/06/310165852/despite-warnings-on-warming-public-response-remains-lukewarm

Despite Warnings On Warming, Public Response Remains Lukewarm
May 06, 2014

The National Climate Assessment was released today. NPR's Robert Siegel talks to Bill McKibben, author of Oil and Honey: The Education of an Unlikely Activist, about the report.

SIEGEL: And I want you to try to reconcile these two phenomena. First, torrential rains, extreme weather conditions, even allergies are more common due to climate change. Second, the Pew Research Center tells us that dealing with global warming routinely ranks near the bottom of the public's priorities for the president and the Congress.

Why does stuff that cuts so close to the bone of every day life, strike people as less urgent than reducing the federal budget deficit or reforming the tax code?

MCKIBBEN: You know, I've had a longtime think about this. I wrote the first book about all this a quarter-century ago. And you're right. We won the argument over climate change, the scientific argument. We've so far been losing the fight. I think people perceive themselves as very small as individuals in the face of a very large, in fact, by far the largest problem human beings have ever faced. And so, the sense that any of us might be able to affect it seems a tiny, that we move on to the things that we can do something about and try to put it out of our heads.

SIEGEL: But one inference from what you're saying is that a very powerful American tradition of individualism, not of collectivism, may work against our potential optimism on this score.

MCKIBBEN: That's right but the thing that works the other way is that the minute people begin to perceive that there is something to be done working together, people come out of the woodwork to make it happen.


http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2005/05/climate-denial


Climate of Denial
One morning in Kyoto, we won a round in the battle against global warming. Then special interests and pseudoscience snatched the truth away. What happened?

—By Bill McKibben
| May/June 2005 Issue of Mother Jones

It was around eight in the morning in the vast convention hall in Kyoto. The negotiations over a worldwide treaty to limit global warming gases, which were supposed to have ended the evening before, had gone on through the night.

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Finally, from behind the closed doors, word emerged that we had a treaty. The greens all cheered, halfheartedly—since it wasn't as though the agreement would go anywhere near far enough to arrest global warming—but firm in their conviction that the tide on the issue had finally turned. After a decade of resistance, the oil companies and the car companies and all the other deniers of global warming had seen their power matched.

Or so it seemed. I was standing next to a top industry lobbyist, a man who had spent the last week engineering opposition to the treaty, huddling with Exxon lawyers and Saudi delegates, detailing the Venezuelans to change this word, the Kuwaitis to soften that number. Right now he looked just plain tired. "I can't wait to get back to Washington," he said. "In Washington we'll get this under control again."

At the time I thought he was blowing smoke, putting on a game face, whistling past the graveyard of corporate control. I almost felt sorry for him; it seemed to me (as sleep-deprived as everyone else) that we were on the brink of a new world.

As it turned out, we both were right. The rest of the developed world took Kyoto seriously;

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In Washington, however, the lobbyists did get things "under control." Eight years after Kyoto, Big Oil and Big Coal remain in complete and unchallenged power.

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At the very least, the "energy sector" needed to stall for time, so that its investments in oil fields and the like could keep on earning for their theoretical lifetimes. The strategy turned out to be simple: Cloud the issue as much as possible so that voters, already none too eager to embrace higher gas prices, would have no real reason to move climate change to the top of their agendas. I mean, if the scientists aren't absolutely certain, well, why not just wait until they get it sorted out?

The tactic worked brilliantly; throughout the 1990s, even as other nations took action, the fossil fuel industry's Global Climate Coalition managed to make American journalists treat the accelerating warming as a he-said-she-said story. True, a vast scientific consensus was forming that climate change threatens the earth more profoundly than anything since the dawn of civilization, but in an Associated Press dispatch the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change didn't look all that much more impressive than, say, Patrick Michaels of the Cato Institute or S. Fred Singer, former chief scientist at the U.S. Department of Transportation.

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It was all incredibly crude. But it was also incredibly effective. For now and for the foreseeable future, the climate skeptics have carried the day. They've understood the shape of American politics far better than environmentalists. They know that it doesn't matter how many scientists are arrayed against you as long as you can intimidate newspapers into giving you equal time. They understand, too, that playing defense is all they need to do: Given the inertia inherent in the economy, it's more than sufficient to simply instill doubt.

IN SHORT, the deniers have done their job, and done it better than the environmen- talists have done theirs. They've delayed action for 15 years now, and their power seems to grow with each year. How, even as the science grew ever firmer and the evidence mounted ever higher, did the climate deniers manage to muddy the issue? It's one of the mightiest political feats of our time, accomplished by a small group of clever and committed people. It's worthwhile trying to understand how they work, not least because some of the same tactics are now being used in debates over other issues, like Social Security. And because the fight over global warming won't end here. Try as they might, even with all three branches of government under their control, conservative Republicans can't repeal the laws of chemistry and physics.

Monday, May 05, 2014

Meteor shower early Tuesday morning: How to watch

http://www.cbsnews.com/news/meteor-shower-early-tuesday-morning-how-to-watch/

May 5, 2014

Night owls and early morning risers -- don't forget look towards the sky in the wee hours on Tuesday morning -- you just might get the chance to see a meteor shower.

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There will be several meteor showers going on all at once

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http://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2014/04/28/cinco-de-mayo-2014-meteor-shower-eta-aquarids-meteorite-asteroid-haleys-comet-aquarius-shooting-star-falling-star/

Remember Halley’s Comet? We’re about to get hit by parts of it as dust from the tail of the comet smashes into earth on the night of May 5th–Cinco de Mayo 2014–during the Eta Aquarids meteor shower.

The annual shooting star show appears to come out of the constellation Aquarius, and can be visible from April through May 12th, but the peak is on the 5th, with up to 10 meteors possible per hour.

In the southern hemisphere, up to 30 meteors per hour are seen.

The Southeast is home to the most preventable deaths

http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/govbeat/wp/2014/05/01/the-southeast-is-home-to-the-most-preventable-deaths/


By Niraj Chokshi
May 1, 2014

The Southeast leads the nation in a less than desirable ranking: preventable deaths.

The states in that region — Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina and Tennessee — are collectively home to the highest number of preventable deaths for each of the five leading causes, according to a new Centers for Disease Control analysis.

“These deaths are not random, they are clustered by geography, they are clustered by states,” CDC Director Tom Frieden said.

----- [See article for chart of percent of preventable deaths for each state. The chart is selectable for each of the leading deaths.]

Up to 40 percent of annual deaths from each of five leading US causes are preventable

http://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2014/p0501-preventable-deaths.html

May 1, 2014
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Each year, nearly 900,000 Americans die prematurely from the five leading causes of death – yet 20 percent to 40 percent of the deaths from each cause could be prevented, according to a study from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

The five leading causes of death in the United States are heart disease, cancer, chronic lower respiratory diseases, stroke, and unintentional injuries. Together they accounted for 63 percent of all U.S. deaths in 2010, with rates for each cause varying greatly from state to state.

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The numbers of preventable deaths from each cause cannot be added together to get an overall total, the authors note. That’s because prevention of some premature deaths may push people to different causes of death. For example, a person who avoids early death from heart disease still may die prematurely from another preventable cause, such as an unintentional injury.

Modifiable risk factors are largely responsible for each of the leading causes of death:

Heart disease risks include tobacco use, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, type 2 diabetes, poor diet, overweight, and lack of physical activity.

Cancer risks include tobacco use, poor diet, lack of physical activity, overweight, sun exposure, certain hormones, alcohol, some viruses and bacteria, ionizing radiation, and certain chemicals and other substances.

Chronic respiratory disease risks include tobacco smoke, second-hand smoke exposure, other indoor air pollutants, outdoor air pollutants, allergens, and exposure to occupational agents.

Stroke risks include high blood pressure, high cholesterol, heart disease, diabetes, overweight, previous stroke, tobacco use, alcohol use, and lack of physical activity.

Unintentional injury risks include lack of seatbelt use, lack of motorcycle helmet use, unsafe consumer products, drug and alcohol use (including prescription drug misuse), exposure to occupational hazards, and unsafe home and community environments.

Many of these risks are avoidable by making changes in personal behaviors. Others are due to disparities due to the social, demographic, environmental, economic, and geographic attributes of the neighborhoods in which people live and work. The study authors note that if health disparities were eliminated, as called for in Healthy People 2020External Web Site Icon, all states would be closer to achieving the lowest possible death rates for the leading causes of death.

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Southeastern states had the highest number of preventable deaths for each of the five causes. The study authors suggest that states with higher rates can look to states with similar populations, but better outcomes, to see what they are doing differently to address leading causes of death.

South Korea ferry owner ignored warnings

Results of too much positive thinking, as well as greed. No different from those who ignore warnings that scientists have been giving us about global warming for more than 30 years.

http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-27224998

30 April 2014

The owner of the sunken South Korean ferry ignored an off-duty captain's warnings about the ship's stability, prosecutors have said.

They say the captain warned that the ship should not carry too much cargo after it was refurbished. Two company officials have been detained.

The vessel was carrying three times its recommended maximum cargo weight.

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The refurbishment carried out by owners Chonghaejin Marine took place between October 2012 and February last year, shortly after the company purchased the Sewol ferry.

They built extra passenger cabins on the third, fourth and fifth decks.

The off-duty captain, named by prosecutors as Shin, had warned the company that this move had altered the 6,825-tonne ship's balance and undermined its ability to stabilise itself. The ferry left the port of Incheon with 3,606 tonnes of freight and cargo.

Prosecutors said the off-duty captain's warnings were brushed aside, according to news agencies.

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Drug testing to determine welfare, unemployment eligibility in Georgia

http://lagrangenews.com/news/news/4621344/Drug-testing-to-determine-welfare-unemployment-eligibility

Steena Hymes
May 1, 2014

Recipients of welfare benefits and food stamps may now have to undergo a drug test to determine their eligibility due to a new bill signed this week.

Gov. Nathan Deal signed House Bill 772 Tuesday, which allows those suspected of drug use to be tested. Suspected use may be determined through previous records, work history or suspect behavior according to the bill.

The bill states a positive testing would result in the loss of eligibility for food stamps. Upon the first positive, food stamps will be suspended for a month. On the second positive, food stamps will be suspended for three months and on the third positive testing, food stamps will be suspended for a year. According to the bill, the recipient would also have to pay for each drug test.

Children and people living in nursing homes will be exempt from the drug test. Based on the bill, if a parent fails a drug test, it is their responsibility to designate another individual to receive food stamps on behalf of the child.

In another proposal made by Gov. Deal, a bill is in the works that would drug test recipients of unemployment benefits.

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Butler said the idea is to enhance unemployment programs by following a drug court model. Those who fail the drug test would have to option to be admitted into a state-funded treatment program if they want to keep unemployment benefits.

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Not all recipients would have to adhere to a drug test. Butler said the U.S. Department of Labor would have to create and approve a list of professions that are eligible to be drug tested. Butler said those professions are undetermined as of right now.

The list should be completed sometime in the fall according to Butler.

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Sunday, May 04, 2014

Homeless and working for Amazon: the trap of the seasonal job cycle

I suggest reading the whole article at the following link:

http://www.theguardian.com/money/2014/may/04/amazon-seasonal-work-homeless-jobs-unemployment


Jana Kasperkevic
Sunday 4 May 2014

When President Barack Obama visited an Amazon's fulfillment center in Chattanooga, Tennessee last year, he compared it to Santa's workshop. "This is kind of like the North Pole of the south right here," he said. Then speaking of the workers, he added, "Got a bunch of good-looking elves here."

What went unsaid and unnoticed was that the Amazon "elves" would not have jobs or prospects after the holidays. Many of the people in those Amazon warehouses were among the long-term unemployed – shuffling from one temporary job to another to another. Due to this unstable employment, number of them have found themselves living in shelters.

Working away in warehouses, beyond the pages of Amazon's website, the seasonal workers and the effects that temporary contracts have on their lives are kept out of public's eye and often avoid scrutiny.

Andrew Cummins, 43, was one of these elves last year, working north of Chattanooga at an Amazon warehouse in Jeffersonville, Indiana. For three months, he stowed away clothes, working 40 hours a week at $10 an hour. He enjoyed the job and saw it as his ticket out of the Haven House, a shelter where he lives with his wife, Kristen, and stepson.

"They had this big hype that they were going to hire on and stuff and that didn't happen. They just worked you until the time was up and then they let everyone go," he says. According to him, about 50 other seasonal workers like him who were hired through Integrity Staffing Solutions – a staffing agency working with Amazon in Jeffersonville – were let go at the same time. "They just said they would email everybody that they let go but we never heard anything back. And then you can't apply for [another Amazon job] for another year after you worked for them."

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Since Amazon opened its warehouse in Jeffersonville, one homeless shelter, Haven House, has been a home to between two and six of its employees at all times, says Barbara Anderson, the shelter's director.


"The impact is profound. One man was sleeping in a car when he landed his 'permanent job' with Amazon," she says. His good luck didn't last long. "He lost everything all over again. The jobs are good but the temporary status sets people up for failure."

More than half of the shelter's tenants are working poor, according to Anderson. Often times they are either in between jobs or working jobs that pay just enough to make ends meet, but not enough to help them break out of the cycle of homelessness.

With lack of subsidized housing affordable at their level of income, they are stuck. They have no one to co-sign an apartment for them and no way to save up for a security deposit, much less the first and last months' rent that many landlords now require before one moves in.

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Cummins didn't always live in Indiana.

"I am originally from Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. I arrived by bus. I took my last paycheck and came down here, because I was told there were jobs here," he says, adding that his jobs in Pennsylvania were also temporary placements obtained through staffing agencies. Instead of finding a job, Cummins ended up at Wayside Christian Mission where he earned $60 and a bed to sleep on for a full week's worth of work.

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If offered a job with evening shifts, those living in the shelter have to get a written note from their employer stating that they are at work. "It's embarrassing. 'I live in a shelter. Can you write me a note?' Like a two-year-old," says Cummins.

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Researchers reveal new cause of epilepsy

http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2014-04/sdmc-rrn043014.php

PUBLIC RELEASE DATE: 30-Apr-2014

Contact: Ron Najman
SUNY Downstate Medical Center
Researchers reveal new cause of epilepsy
Study shows the first evidence that hyaluronic acid plays a role in epileptic seizures, providing a potential new approach for treatments

A team of researchers from SUNY Downstate Medical Center (SUNY Downstate) and Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute (Sanford-Burnham) has found that deficiencies in hyaluronan, also known as hyaluronic acid or HA, can lead to spontaneous epileptic seizures. HA is a polysaccharide molecule widely distributed throughout connective, epithelial, and neural tissues, including the brain's extracellular space (ECS). Their findings, published on April 30 in The Journal of Neuroscience, equip scientists with key information that may lead to new therapeutic approaches to epilepsy.

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"Hyaluronan is widely known as a key structural component of cartilage and important for maintaining healthy cartilage. Curiously, it has been recognized that the adult brain also contains a lot of hyaluronan, but little is known about what hyaluronan does in the brain," said Yu Yamaguchi, MD, PhD, professor in the Human Genetics Program at Sanford-Burnham.

"This is the first study that demonstrates the important role of this unique molecule for normal functioning of the brain, and that its deficiency may be a cause of epileptic disorders. A better understanding of how hyaluronan regulates brain function could lead to new treatment approaches for epilepsy," Yamaguchi added.

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When it comes to classes, small is better

http://monash.edu/news/show/when-it-comes-to-classes-small-is-better

30 April 2014

Small classes, especially in the first four years of school, can have an important and lasting impact on student achievement, a new report shows.

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The findings suggest that smaller class sizes in the first four years of school can have a significant and lasting impact on student achievement. This appears to be especially important for children from communities that are culturally, linguistically or economically disenfranchised.

“Smaller classes in the early years can lift a child’s academic performance right through to Year 12 and even into tertiary study and employment,” Dr Zyngier said.

“It is also beneficial to have smaller numbers for specialist classes in such fields as numeracy and literacy.”

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There was also a need for a new approach to teacher development, he said.

“Currently teaching methodology is based on large classes, which call for a very different approach to teaching smaller groups,” Dr Zyngier said.

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Malnutrition during pregnancy may affect the health of future generations

http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2014-05/cp-mdp042514.php

PUBLIC RELEASE DATE: 1-May-2014

Contact: Mary Beth O'Leary
Cell Press
Malnutrition during pregnancy may affect the health of future generations

New research reveals how environmental factors in the womb can predispose not only the mother's own offspring but also the grandoffspring to metabolic disorders like liver disease. Researchers reporting in the Cell Press journal Cell Metabolism found for pregnant mice that are malnourished—experiencing a 50% caloric restriction during the last week of pregnancy—that their offspring are at first growth restricted and have low birth weight but then go on to become obese and diabetic as they age. Strikingly, in a domino effect, the offspring of the growth-restricted males also inherit the predisposition to metabolic abnormalities.

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Nationwide study finds US newspaper reporting of suicide linked with some teenage suicide clusters

http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2014-05/tl-tlp042814.php

PUBLIC RELEASE DATE: 1-May-2014

Contact: Dr. Madelyn S Gould
The Lancet
The Lancet Psychiatry: Nationwide study finds US newspaper reporting of suicide linked with some teenage suicide clusters

Heightened newspaper coverage after a suicide might have a significant impact on the initiation of some teenage suicide clusters, according to new research published in The Lancet Psychiatry journal.

The study reveals that the content of media reports is also important, with more prominent stories (ie, published on the front page) and those that describe the suicide in considerable detail more likely to be associated with so-called copycat suicides.

"Our findings indicate that the more sensational the coverage of the suicides, and the more details the story provides, then the more likely there are to be more suicides", explains lead author Dr Madelyn Gould from the New York State Psychiatric Institute in the USA.*

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Vitamin D deficiency linked to aggressive prostate cancer

http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2014-05/nu-vdd042914.php

PUBLIC RELEASE DATE: 1-May-2014

Contact: Erin White
Northwestern University
Vitamin D deficiency linked to aggressive prostate cancer
Regular vitamin D screenings could especially benefit white and African-American men

CHICAGO --- African-American and European-American men at high risk of prostate cancer have greater odds of being diagnosed with an aggressive form of the disease if they have a vitamin D deficiency, according to a new study from Northwestern Medicine® and the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC).

Results of the study will be published May 1 in Clinical Cancer Research, a journal of the American Association for Cancer Research.

"Vitamin D deficiency could be a biomarker of advanced prostate tumor progression in large segments of the general population," said Adam B. Murphy, M.D., lead author of the study. "More research is needed, but it would be wise for men to be screened for vitamin D deficiency and treated."

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Low-fat diet helps fatigue in people with MS

http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2014-05/ohs-sld043014.php

PUBLIC RELEASE DATE: 1-May-2014

Contact: Todd Murphy
Oregon Health & Science University
Study: Low-fat diet helps fatigue in people with MS

PORTLAND, Ore. — People with multiple sclerosis who for one year followed a plant-based diet very low in saturated fat had much less MS-related fatigue at the end of that year — and significantly less fatigue than a control group of people with MS who didn't follow the diet, according to an Oregon Health & Science University study being presented today at the American Academy of Neurology's annual meeting in Philadelphia, Pa.

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The study investigated the effects of following a diet called the McDougall Diet, devised by John McDougall, M.D. The diet is partly based on an MS-fighting diet developed in the 1940s and 1950s by the late Roy Swank, M.D., a former head of the division of neurology at OHSU. The McDougall diet, very low in saturated fat, focuses on eating starches, fruits and vegetables and does not include meat, fish or dairy products.

The study, which began in 2008, looked at the diet's effect on the most common form of MS, called relapsing-remitting MS. About 85 percent of people with MS have relapsing-remitting MS, characterized by clearly defined attacks of worsening neurological function followed by recovery periods when symptoms improve partially or completely.

The study measured indicators of MS among a group of people who followed the McDougall Diet for 12 months and a control group that did not. The study measured a range of MS indicators and symptoms, including brain lesions on MRI brain scans of study participants, relapse rate, disabilities caused by the disease, body weight and cholesterol levels.

It found no difference between the diet group and the control group in the number of MS-caused brain lesions detected on the MRI scans. It also found no difference between the two groups in relapse rate or level of disability caused by the disease. People who followed the diet did lose significantly more weight than the control group and had significantly lower cholesterol levels. People who followed the diet also had higher scores on a questionnaire that measured their quality of life and overall mood.

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Playing outside could make kids more spiritual

http://msutoday.msu.edu/news/2014/playing-outside-could-make-kids-more-spiritual/

May 1, 2014
Contact(s): Kristen Parker Media Communications, Gretel Van Wieren

Children who spend significant time outdoors could have a stronger sense of self-fulfillment and purpose than those who don’t, according to new Michigan State University research linking children’s experiences in nature with how they define spirituality.

In the study, published recently in the Journal of the Study of Religion, Nature and Culture, children who played outside five to 10 hours per week said they felt a spiritual connection with the earth, and felt their role is to protect it.

“These values are incredibly important to human development and well-being,” said Gretel Van Wieren, assistant professor of religious studies. “We were surprised by the results. Before we did the study, we asked, ‘Is it just a myth that children have this deep connection with nature?’ But we found it to be true in pretty profound ways.”

For example, the children in her study expressed feelings of peacefulness and some believed that a higher power had created the natural world around them. They also reported feeling awestruck and humbled by nature’s power, such as storms, while also feeling happy and a sense of belonging in the world.

The study also measured children’s aesthetic values, finding that those who engage in free play outside on a regular basis have a deep appreciation for beauty (i.e., balance, symmetry and color), order and wonder (i.e., curiosity, imagination and creativity). For example: lush green bushes, pattern-like blue spots in water and fascination with bees’ nests.

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The researchers also found parents of the children who expressed the highest affinity toward nature and the strongest spirituality spent significant time outdoors during their childhoods. And many of the parents believed such experiences shaped their adult lives and spirituality. - See more at: http://msutoday.msu.edu/news/2014/playing-outside-could-make-kids-more-spiritual/#sthash.K6UZI7W8.dpuf

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Maternal deaths on the rise in the United States

http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2014-05/ifhm-mdo050214.php

PUBLIC RELEASE DATE: 2-May-2014

Contact: Rhonda Stewart
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Maternal deaths on the rise in the United States
US falls behind most high-income countries, and is one of only eight worldwide showing disturbing trend

SEATTLE — The United States is among just eight countries in the world to experience an increase in maternal mortality since 2003 – joining Afghanistan and countries in Africa and Central America, according to a new study by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) at the University of Washington.

The study, "Global, regional, and national levels and causes of maternal mortality during 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013," published May 2 in The Lancet, ranked the United States number 60 in the list of 180 countries on maternal deaths, compared to its rank of 22 in 1990, demonstrating how it has fallen behind globally. By contrast, China rose to number 57, up from number 116 in 1990.

In the US, 18.5 mothers died for every 100,000 live births in 2013, more than double the figures for maternal mortality in Saudi Arabia (7) and Canada (8.2), and more than triple that for the United Kingdom (6.1).

The biggest increase in maternal mortality by age group occurred in women 20-24. In 1990, 7.2 women in this age group died for every 100,000 live births and in 2013, 14 died for every 100,000 live births.

The study findings focus on measuring the trends in maternal mortality, but the researchers offer a range of possible explanations for the disparities between the US and other countries, including lack of access to prenatal care and other health services, high rates of caesarian section deliveries, and pregnancies complicated by obesity, diabetes, and other conditions.

"For American women, high-risk pregnancies and the number of women with inadequate access to preventive and maternal health care are just two potential causes of this trend," said study author Dr. Nicholas Kassebaum, Assistant Professor at IHME. "The good news is that most maternal deaths are preventable, and we can do better."

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Supermarket access key ingredient in obesity programs

http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2014-05/aaop-sak042514.php

PUBLIC RELEASE DATE: 3-May-2014

Contact: Debbie Jacobson
American Academy of Pediatrics
Supermarket access key ingredient in obesity programs
Study shows children in an obesity intervention who lived closer to a supermarket ate more fruits and vegetables

VANCOUVER, BRITISH COLUMBIA – Living close to a supermarket appears to be a key factor in the success of interventions to help obese children eat better and improve their weight, according to a study to be presented Saturday, May 3, at the Pediatric Academic Societies (PAS) annual meeting in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

Urban neighborhoods and rural towns without access to fresh, healthy and affordable food are known as food deserts. Instead of supermarkets and grocery stores, food deserts sometimes have only fast-food restaurants and convenience stores.

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Smoking during pregnancy may raise risk for heart defects in babies

http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2014-05/aaop-sdp042514.php

PUBLIC RELEASE DATE: 3-May-2014

Contact: Debbie Jacobson
American Academy of Pediatrics
Smoking during pregnancy may raise risk for heart defects in babies
Data show risk for congenital anomalies highest among babies born to older women who smoke and heavy smokers

VANCOUVER, BRITISH COLUMBIA – Women who smoke during pregnancy may be putting their newborns at risk for congenital heart defects, and the more they smoke, the higher the risk, according to a study to be presented Saturday, May 3, at the Pediatric Academic Societies (PAS) annual meeting in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

Cigarette smoking during pregnancy has been linked to many birth defects, such as cleft lips and palates, and missing and deformed limbs. Some studies also suggest maternal smoking may be associated with heart defects.

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Paul Ryan Won’t Let Poor People Testify At Hearing About Poverty

http://thinkprogress.org/economy/2014/04/30/3432697/paul-ryan-poverty-hearing-poor-people/

BY BRYCE COVERT APRIL 30, 2014

On Wednesday, Rep. Paul Ryan (R-WI) will hold a hearing on poverty called “A Progress Report on the War on Poverty: Lessons from the Frontlines.” While it will feature three experts, none of them are actually low-income Americans who struggle to get by.
But that’s not for lack of trying from some poor people themselves. Witnesses to Hunger, an advocacy project that shares the stories of low-income Americans, has tried and failed twice to have some of their members who live in poverty speak at Ryan’s poverty hearings. “When Ryan had his first hearing last July,” Director Mariana Chilton told ThinkProgress, “we wrote to his office to see if we could testify, but they weren’t interested.” While Rep. Barbara Lee (D-CA) tried to get one of their low-income members to speak, it was too late. They were asked to submit written testimony instead.

Chilton’s organization stayed in touch with his office and immediately called his press team when they saw the announcement for Wednesday’s hearing. “They said, ‘It’s too late, we’ve already chosen our people.’” There was one slot left to be filled by Democrats, but that went to Marian Wright Edelman, president of the Children’s Defense Fund. “I think Marian Wright Edelman is a great choice,” Chilton said. But “they had a stronger interest in having a more well-known person to testify.” That means that once again, the hearing won’t feature anyone who really is on the frontlines of poverty. “None of the people who are testifying today are currently living in poverty and it’s unclear if they really know what’s going on from the perspective of people living in it,” she said.

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Those who wanted to testify aren’t happy about being excluded. “I think that’s just another poor excuse,” Gaines-Turner, married mother of three struggling to make ends meet, said. “You say you want to speak to someone who’s experienced frontline poverty, but you have no one there who’s actually experienced poverty first hand.” She said that she’s grateful for the opportunity to submit written testimony, but she said, “On the panel you have experts on hunger and poverty, but I’m the true expert. I’m the one who lives these daily struggles every day, who runs out of money at the end of the month every month, has faced homelessness, hunger, poverty.” And she added, “Not to knock the people that are there, but if you want to really understand, you need to speak to the people themselves firsthand. We’re real people, not just numbers.”

Gaines-Turner has certainly experienced these things. “I know what it’s like to use your stove to heat your home,” she said. She knows how dangerous that can be. But she also has young children — six-year-old twins and a son who is nine — who all have medical disabilities and need to be kept warm in winter.

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CEOs Are Spending More And More Of Their Company’s Money On Vacations

http://thinkprogress.org/economy/2014/05/03/3433905/corporate-jet-vacations-rising/

BY ALAN PYKE ON MAY 3, 2014

Corporate CEOs are back to using company jets for personal travel after the practice dipped briefly following the financial crisis, Bloomberg reports.
“Non-business travel expenses” increased for the third straight year, and the 10 largest S&P 500 companies that Bloomberg scrutinized spent 61 percent more last year on personal travel using corporate jets than they did in 2012. The costs rose 3.1 percent for the 50 largest companies that disclosed the relevant figures.
General Electric spent over $343,000 flying CEO Jeffrey Immelt around for personal travel on the company plane last year. Immelt made $19.7 million in 2013, according to Executive Paywatch.

Casino mogul Steve Wynn earned $19.6 million, and billed Wynn Resorts Ltd. about $927,000 in personal travel on the corporate jet. (The Wynn Resorts board did, however, force Wynn to start paying the $525,000 annual rent price for his Las Vegas house out of his own pocket last year.)

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But like corporate pay, investment earnings for the wealthy, and Wall Street profits, company jets are roaring back from the recession much faster than economic indicators relating to middle- and low-income families and workers. Wages continue to stagnate. The ratio of CEO pay to worker pay continues to expand across the economy, peaking at over 1,200-to-1 in the fast food industry. And huge proportions of the population are unable to afford their rent or avoid living paycheck to paycheck.

Friday, May 02, 2014

Cost To Fight Wildfire Will Skyrocket This Year, Thanks to Climate Change

http://www.wunderground.com/news/cost-fight-wildfires-will-be-hundreds-millions-dollars-more-govt-estimated-usda-20140501

By: By Terrell Johnson
Published: May 2, 2014

The federal government will be forced to cough up "hundreds of millions of dollars" more to fight wildfires in 2014 than it has budgeted so far, thanks to a wildfire season that is bringing bigger and more intense fires that begin much earlier in the year than they used to.

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To make up the difference, the agencies will have to rob Peter to pay Paul, so to speak – they'll have to reduce staff in other areas and take money that had been budgeted for projects like forest restoration, and instead spend it on firefighting.

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"[It] takes funding away from forest management activities such as mechanical thinning and controlled burns that reduce both the incidence and severity of wildfires. In addition to fire borrowing, over the last two decades, the Forest Service has also had to shift more and more money to firefighting, thereby reducing foresters and other staff by over 30 percent and more than doubling the number of firefighters."

Climate change – the effects we see and feel from the greenhouse-gas-fueled heating of Earth's climate over time – deserves a big part of the blame for the longer, more intense wildfire seasons we're experiencing today, said Rhea Suh, Assistant Secretary of Policy, Management and Budget at the Interior Dept.

"With climate change contributing to longer and more intense wildfire seasons, the dangers and costs of fighting those fires increase substantially," she said in a news release, noting that over the past 30 years, the length of fire seasons nationwide has expanded by 60 to 80 days.

The size of the area that burns due to wildfires each year has more than doubled during the same period, to about 7 million acres annually today.

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Caramel color: The health risk that may be in your soda and other food

Also, the May 2014 issue of Consumer Reports has an article reporting on how much 4-Mel is in various pancake syrups.

http://www.consumerreports.org/cro/news/2014/01/caramel-color-the-health-risk-that-may-be-in-your-soda/index.htm

February 10, 2014

Caramel color, added to many soft drinks and some foods to turn them brown, may sound harmless, even appetizing. But in no way does it resemble real caramel. Some types of this artificial coloring contain a potentially carcinogenic chemical called 4-methylimidazole (4-MeI). Under California’s Proposition 65 law, any food or beverage sold in the state that exposes consumers to more than 29 micrograms of 4-MeI per day is supposed to carry a health-warning label. In recent Consumer Reports’ tests, each of the 12-ounce samples of Pepsi One and Malta Goya had more than 29 micrograms per can or bottle. While we cannot say that this violates California's Prop 65, we believe that these levels are too high, and we have asked the California Attorney General to investigate.

Caramel color is the single most used food coloring in the world, according to a 2013 report from market research firms Mintel and Leatherhead Food Research. “There’s no reason why consumers should be exposed to an avoidable and unnecessary risk that can stem from coloring food brown,” says Urvashi Rangan, Ph.D., toxicologist and executive director of Consumer Reports’ Food Safety & Sustainability Center. “Manufacturers have lower 4-MeI alternatives available to them. Ideally there would be no 4-MeI in food.”

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http://www.motherjones.com/blue-marble/2014/01/sodas-contain-caramel-colored-carcinogen-4-mei

—By Kiera Butler| Thu Jan. 23, 2014

The chemical compound that gives some sodas a caramel-brown color could be a carcinogen—and according to a new study by Consumer Reports, it's in many popular soft drinks at levels that exceed what many experts consider safe. Between April and December of 2013, researchers tested 110 bottles of various brands of soda for the 4-methylimidazole, or 4-MeI for short. They found the highest levels of the substance in Goya Malta, a malt-flavored soda popular in Latin American communities, and in various Pepsi products:

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Rangan notes that 4-MeI is present in some foods as well: barbecue sauces, soups, imitation pancake syrup, gravy, and canned mushrooms, among others. While Consumer Reports is urging the FDA to regulate 4-MeI, in the meantime, consumers should consider avoiding foods and beverages with caramel color, Rangan says. "We just don't think coloring your food brown should give you cancer."

Toxins in Nutrition Supplements Still Escape FDA Oversight

Good news for extremist libertarians & anarchists - the federal government lacks power to protect us from being poisoned by companies making big profits from products called nutritional supplements.

http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/2014/04/02/toxins-in-nutrition-supplements-still-escape-fda-oversight/

By Dina Fine Maron | April 2, 2014

When young and middle-aged adults started showing up at the hospital with liver failure last spring, doctors in Hawaii struggled to find the thread that connected the patients. They found it in the form of a popular sports supplement, OxyElite Pro.

The supplement was linked last May to severe hepatitis, but the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, tasked with removing such dangerous substances from store shelves, did not learn of the cases until four months later. By February, months after the product was voluntarily taken off the market, there were 97 cases linked back to the supplement, including one death and three liver transplants.

These and other statistics from a new report highlight continued weaknesses in the U.S. system’s ability to protect consumers from OxyElite Pro and other untested supplements. Consumers are continually being put at risk of consuming supplements tainted with harmful substances, Pieter Cohen, a professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School, writes in the April 3 New England Journal of Medicine. About half of all U.S. adults take dietary supplements, meaning that literally millions of people could be at risk.

OxyElite Pro was far from the first such problematic incident. Even five years ago the U.S. Government Accountability Office highlighted serious supplement oversight issues, warning that FDA does not have enough authority to ensure the products are safe.

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The prospects for any significant immediate change, however, seem slim, given that past reform efforts have all but flatlined. Sen. Dick Durbin (D–Ill.) has repeatedly tried to pass a bill that would require supplement manufactures to register their products and to provide more safety information, but it languished in 2011. An effort to attach provisions of the bill to other legislation as an amendment last year also proved unsuccessful. The bill was then reintroduced this session with Sen. Richard Blumenthal (D–Conn.) as its cosponsor, although no one expects the legislation to move. There is also no companion legislation in the House.

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What happened when a Scientific American editor told Fox News he wanted to talk about climate change

So Faux Noise not only censors scientists from talking about climate change on their station, they sensor them from talking about anything else when they let others know about the censorship!

http://www.environmentalhealthnews.org/ehs/blog/what-happened-when-a-scientific-american-editor-told-fox-news-he-wanted-to-talk-about-climate-change

http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/2014/04/30/my-experience-on-fox-friends-regarding-climate-change/

By Michael Moyer | April 30, 2014

This morning I appeared on the nation’s number-one-rated morning show, Fox and Friends. Afterwards I tweeted out a few things that have garnered some attention, including this:

Fox & Friends producer wanted to talk about future trends. I said #1 will be impacts of climate change. I was told to pick something else.

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To be honest I’m surprised this is garnering as much interest as it seems to be. A recent study examined the accuracy of cable news programs regarding climate science. The study concluded that “in general, Fox hosts and guests were more likely than those of other networks to disparage the study of climate science and criticize scientists.” We all understand that Fox comes with a political point of view, one which has served them well in the ratings hunt.

I did go on the show to discuss the other topics, because they are genuinely interesting and I love to share cool science with whomever will listen. I thought the segment itself went well. Unfortunately Fox appears to have removed the video from its website.

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UPDATE: The website The Raw Story has a copy of the video, in case you’re interested.

Koch Brothers To Face Lawsuit Over Chicago Petcoke Pollution

But people like the Kochs wouldn't allow their own neighbors to hang clothes on the line, grow vegetable gardens in their own yards, etc., much less piles of powdered coal chemicals in the open air.

http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2014/04/30/3432796/koch-getting-sued/

BY EMILY ATKIN ON APRIL 30, 2014

Two environmental groups on Monday sent a letter to billionaire brothers Charles and David Koch, saying they intend to file a lawsuit against them for polluting a primarily low-income area of Chicago with thick, black, oily dust.

The letter sent by the Southeast Environmental Task Force (SETF) and Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) gave official 90-day notice of intent to sue the Koch brothers and 10 of their companies, including the KCBX Terminals Company, in federal court. The lawsuit will seek to hold them liable for the harmful effects of pollution caused by coal and petroleum coke, or petcoke — a dusty byproduct of tar sands oil refining — which their companies allegedly help store in large piles along the Calumet river on Chicago’s southeast side.

Because petcoke can be used as fuel, KCBX buys it from the Detroit Marathon Oil Refinery and stores it in piles by the river until it can be shipped and sold on the international market. When the wind blows, though, the dusty petcoke blows from the piles into the air, settling onto people’s homes and into the river.

The resulting soot has harmed human health, the environment, and overall quality of life, the groups’ letter said.

“Koch’s neighbors have kept the windows and doors of their homes closed in an effort to limit their exposure to dust, only to discover that some still finds its way inside,” the letter said, sparing little detail into the lives of those who reside near the piles:

“They have tasted dust in their mouths and seen dust settle on their skin and discolor their clothes. …. They have been unable to gather for barbeques and outdoor markets without having black dust fall on their faces and clothes and contaminate their food. They have been forced to suspend outdoor games by storms that fill the air with swirling black dust. They have worried about letting children play outside. They have smelled foul odors that leave them feeling nauseous and exhausted. They have struggled to breathe.

This noxious pollution is part of daily life for Koch’s neighbors. It worsens each time the wind blows.”

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Despite months of complaints, however, Illinois officials have denied there is a public health problem from swirls of black petrochemical dust blowing through the air. In January, the Illinois Pollution Control Board rejected state Gov. Pat Quinn’s proposed emergency rules to control the piles, saying there was no imminent threat to public health and safety from petcoke. [Have to wonder if the Koch brothers make nice big campaign contributions to those Illinois officials. How would they rule if this were affecting their own neighborhoods?]

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As petcoke is a byproduct of refining tar sands oil, its presence in the United States stands to increase if the controversial Keystone XL pipeline is approved. If approved, the pipeline would bring tar sands oil from northern Canada down to refineries in Texas and Louisiana, where the byproduct would also likely be stored and shipped overseas.

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