Horse owners can manage flies with wasps instead of pesticides

When I allowed wasp nest that did not attack me to remain in place, I stopped having problems with biting flies.

http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2015-09/esoa-hoc091715.php

Public Release: 23-Sep-2015
Horse owners can manage flies with wasps instead of pesticides
Entomological Society of America

Horses need help when it comes to insect pests like flies. But, unfortunately, horse owners are in the dark about how best to manage flies because research just hasn't been done, according to a new overview of equine fly management in the latest issue of the Journal of Integrated Pest Management, an open-access journal that is written for farmers, ranchers, and extension professionals.

One fly-management method that is gaining ground is the use of wasps that are parasitoids of fly pupae. The female wasp inserts an eggs into the fly puparium, and when the egg hatches, the wasp larva eats the fly pupa.

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