More than a myth: Drink spiking happens

http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2016-05/apa-mta052316.php

Public Release: 24-May-2016
More than a myth: Drink spiking happens
Sexual assault a main motive, but not only one, study finds, noting limitations of the research
American Psychological Association

Google the term "spiked drink," and you'll get more than 11 million hits, directing you to pages that describe being slipped a mickey, tips on how to avoid becoming a victim and even kits to test drinks for illicit drugs. So is drink spiking a growing problem or are these tales of people who just drank too much? Or is this phenomenon merely an urban legend?

A research team led by Suzanne C. Swan, PhD, of the University of South Carolina, sought to answer some of those questions. Their study, published by the American Psychological Association's journal Psychology of Violence, sought to determine the prevalence of drink spiking by looking at survey data from 6,064 students at three universities.

What the researchers found was 462 students (7.8 percent) reported 539 incidents in which they said they had been drugged, and 83 (1.4 percent) said either they had drugged someone, or they knew someone who had drugged another person.

"These data indicate that drugging is more than simply an urban legend," Swan said.

The study found significant gender differences. Women were more likely to be the victims of spiking and reported more negative consequences than men, the study found, although men comprised 21 percent of the victims. Women were also more likely to report sexual assault as a motive while men more often said the purpose was "to have fun." Other, less common reported motives included to calm someone down or make someone go to sleep.

"Even if a person is drugging someone else simply 'for fun' with no intent of taking advantage of the drugged person, the drugger is still putting a drug in someone else's body without their consent - and this is coercive and controlling behavior," Swan said.

Given the nature of the subject, there were clear limitations to the study. "We have no way of knowing if the drugging victims were actually drugged or not, and many of the victims were not certain either," the researchers wrote. "It is possible that some respondents drank too much, or drank a more potent kind of alcohol than they were accustomed to." Additionally, many common drugs, including over-the-counter medications, can interact with alcohol. And victims often don't remember what happened when they were drugged, the authors noted.

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Given their findings, the researchers said interventions should be developed to target those doing the drugging, not just victims. "Because many of those who drug others believe that the behavior is fun and minimize the risks, interventions could provide information about the dangers of overdosing," Swan said. "They could also target the issue of consent. Just as people have a fundamental right to consent to sexual activity, they also have the right to know and consent to the substances they ingest."