Birth factors may predict schizophrenia in genetic subtype of schizophrenia

http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2015-08/cfaa-bfm081315.php

Public Release: 13-Aug-2015
Birth factors may predict schizophrenia in genetic subtype of schizophrenia
Centre for Addiction and Mental Health

Low birth weight and preterm birth appear to increase the risk of schizophrenia among individuals with a genetic condition called the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, a new study from the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH) shows.

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The risk of schizophrenia is known to be high in individuals with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, as about one in four develops schizophrenia. This study found the risk was even higher - nearly one in two - among those who were born with a low birth weight or prematurely, based on standard measures.

The syndrome is caused by a small deletion on chromosome 22. It can lead to heart or palate abnormalities, developmental delays and other physical health problems, and in one in four cases, a schizophrenia diagnosis in late adolescence or early adulthood.

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"The results needs to be replicated, but do have important clinical implications," says Dr. Bassett.

For instance, there are now prenatal tests that can signal the possibility of a 22q11.2 deletion as early as the first trimester of pregnancy. While such screening requires further confirmation through additional testing, it raises the idea of intervening, in cases where the deletion exists, during pregnancy or immediately after birth.

"The big-picture question is whether there is a way to support the developing fetal brain to improve outcomes, and lower the risk of schizophrenia," says Dr. Bassett.